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==Overview==
== [[Mediastinitis overview|Overview]] ==


'''Mediastinitis''' is [[inflammation]] of the tissues in the mid-chest, or [[mediastinum]].  It can be either [[Acute (medical)|acute]] or [[Chronic (medicine)|chronic]].
== [[Mediastinitis historical perspective|Historical Perspective]] ==


Acute mediastinitis is usually bacterial and due to rupture of organs in the mediastinum. As the infection can progress rapidly, this is considered a serious condition.  Chronic [[sclerosis|sclerosing]] (or [[fibrosis|fibrosing]]) mediastinitis, while potentially serious, is caused by a long-standing inflammation of the mediastinum, leading to growth of acellular collagen and fibrous tissue within the chest and around the central vessels and airways.  It has a different cause, treatment, and prognosis than acute infectious mediastinitis.
== [[Mediastinitis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]] ==


==Causes==
== [[Mediastinitis causes|Causes]] ==
===Acute===
*In modern practice, most cases of acute mediastinitis result from [[Complication (medicine)|complications]] of cardiovascular or endoscopic surgical procedures. 
*[[Dental caries|Odontogenic]] (infected tooth)
*Perforation of the esophagus ([[Boerhaave syndrome]])
*[[Retropharyngeal space|Retropharyngeal]] infections


===Chronic===
== [[Mediastinitis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Mediastinitis from other Diseases]] ==
Chronic medistinitis is usually a radiologic diagnosis manifested by diffuse fibrosis of the soft tissues of the mediastinum.  This is sometimes the consequence of prior granulomatous disease, most commonly [[histoplasmosis]].  Other identifiable causes include [[tuberculosis]] and [[radiation]] therapy.  Fibrosing mediastinitis most frequently causes problems by constricting blood vessels or airways in the mediastinum.  This may result in such complications as [[superior vena cava syndrome]] or [[pulmonary edema]] from compression of pulmonary veins. 


==Treatment==
== [[Mediastinitis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]] ==
Treatment for chronic fibrosing mediastinitis is somewhat controversial, and may include steroids or surgical decompression of affected vessels.
 
== [[Mediastinitis risk factors|Risk Factors]] ==
 
== [[Mediastinitis natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]] ==
 
== Diagnosis ==
[[Mediastinitis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Mediastinitis physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Mediastinitis laboratory tests|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Mediastinitis electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Mediastinitis chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Mediastinitis CT|CT]] | [[Mediastinitis MRI|MRI]] | [[Mediastinitis other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Mediastinitis other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
 
== Treatment ==
[[Mediastinitis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Mediastinitis surgery|Surgery]] | [[Mediastinitis primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Mediastinitis secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Mediastinitis cost-effectiveness of therapy| Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Mediastinitis future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
 
==Case Studies==
[[Mediastinitis case study one|Case #1]]


{{Respiratory pathology}}
{{Respiratory pathology}}

Revision as of 20:05, 25 September 2012

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Mediastinitis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Mediastinitis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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Risk calculators and risk factors for Mediastinitis

For patient information click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Mediastinitis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | Chest X Ray | CT | MRI | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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