Atrial septal defect classification: Difference between revisions
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*'''Isolated ASDs''' – It occurs due to abnormal development of the septa between right and left atrium of the heart and normally not associated with other cardiac defects. | *'''Isolated ASDs''' – It occurs due to abnormal development of the septa between right and left atrium of the heart and normally not associated with other cardiac defects. | ||
** [[Ostium secundum ASD]] - ASDs at the fossa ovalis (75% of all atrial septal defects). | ** [[Ostium secundum ASD]] - ASDs at the fossa ovalis ('''75%''' of all atrial septal defects). | ||
** Superior [[sinus venosus]] type ASD (Superior vena caval defect) – Defect superior to fossa ovalis (sinus venosus types form 5-10% of all [[ASD]]s) | ** Superior [[sinus venosus]] type ASD (Superior vena caval defect) – Defect superior to fossa ovalis (sinus venosus types form '''5-10%''' of all [[ASD]]s) | ||
** Inferior [[sinus venosus]] type ASD (Inferior vena caval defect) - Defect inferior to the fossa ovalis | ** Inferior [[sinus venosus]] type ASD (Inferior vena caval defect) - Defect inferior to the fossa ovalis | ||
** Coronary sinus defects (less than 1% ) | ** Coronary sinus defects (less than '''1%''' ) | ||
* [[Ostium primum ASD]]s /[[Atrioventricular canal]] defects – It occurs due to mal-development of the partitioning of the AV canal by the endocardial cushions (15% to 20%) and is located inferiorly near the crux of heart. Mostly it is associated with some other malformations like [[ventricular septal defects]]. The various types of A-V canal defects that can occur are- complete, incomplete and common atrium | * [[Ostium primum ASD]]s /[[Atrioventricular canal]] defects – It occurs due to mal-development of the partitioning of the AV canal by the endocardial cushions ('''15% to 20%''') and is located inferiorly near the crux of heart. Mostly it is associated with some other malformations like [[ventricular septal defects]]. The various types of A-V canal defects that can occur are- complete, incomplete and common atrium | ||
* The [[ostium primum]] or [[ostium secundum]] is aneurysmal in some patients and may have '''multiple small fenestrations'''. | * The [[ostium primum]] or [[ostium secundum]] is aneurysmal in some patients and may have '''multiple small fenestrations'''. |
Revision as of 15:40, 28 August 2011
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [[2]]; Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3]; Assistant Editor(s)-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [[4]]
Overview
The normal septal development requires a proper alignment and fusion of the two interatrial septums i.e. septum primum and septum secundum. Failure to do so may lead to a patent fossa ovalis and the development of atrial septal defects. The atrial septal defects are classified into various types based on their location and the nature of the embryological defect. The various types of atrial septal defects that can occur are : ostium primum, ostium secundum, sinus venosus, common or single atrium and coronary sinus defects. Patent foramen ovale also involves a communication between the two atrium. However, it is not classified under atrial septal defect as no septal tissue is missing in this case.
Atrial septal defect classifications
The atrial septal defects are classified into various types based on their location and the nature of the embryological defect[1].
- Isolated ASDs – It occurs due to abnormal development of the septa between right and left atrium of the heart and normally not associated with other cardiac defects.
- Ostium secundum ASD - ASDs at the fossa ovalis (75% of all atrial septal defects).
- Superior sinus venosus type ASD (Superior vena caval defect) – Defect superior to fossa ovalis (sinus venosus types form 5-10% of all ASDs)
- Inferior sinus venosus type ASD (Inferior vena caval defect) - Defect inferior to the fossa ovalis
- Coronary sinus defects (less than 1% )
- Ostium primum ASDs /Atrioventricular canal defects – It occurs due to mal-development of the partitioning of the AV canal by the endocardial cushions (15% to 20%) and is located inferiorly near the crux of heart. Mostly it is associated with some other malformations like ventricular septal defects. The various types of A-V canal defects that can occur are- complete, incomplete and common atrium
- The ostium primum or ostium secundum is aneurysmal in some patients and may have multiple small fenestrations.
- In Patent foramen ovale (PFO) a flap like communication exists between the right and left atria. Nevertheless, it’s not considered an atrial septal defect as no septal tissue is missing.