Atrial septal defect classification: Difference between revisions
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The normal septal development requires a proper alignment and fusion of the two interatrial septums i.e. '''septum primum''' and '''septum secundum'''. Failure to do so may lead to a [[patent fossa ovalis]] and the development of [[atrial septal defect]]s. The atrial septal defects are classified into various types based on their location and the nature of the embryological defect. The various types of atrial septal defects that can occur are : [[Atrial septal defect ostium primum | ostium primum]], [[Atrial septal defect ostium secundum | ostium secundum]], [[Atrial septal defect sinus venosus atrial septal defect | sinus venosus]], [[Atrial septal defect common or single atrium | common or single atrium]] and [[coronary sinus defects]]. [[Patent foramen ovale]] also involves a communication between the two atrium. However, it is not classified under atrial septal defect as no septal tissue is missing in this case. | The normal septal development requires a proper alignment and fusion of the two interatrial septums i.e. '''septum primum''' and '''septum secundum'''. Failure to do so may lead to a [[patent fossa ovalis]] and the development of [[atrial septal defect]]s. The atrial septal defects are classified into various types based on their location and the nature of the embryological defect. The various types of atrial septal defects that can occur are : [[Atrial septal defect ostium primum | ostium primum]], [[Atrial septal defect ostium secundum | ostium secundum]], [[Atrial septal defect sinus venosus atrial septal defect | sinus venosus]], [[Atrial septal defect common or single atrium | common or single atrium]] and [[coronary sinus defects]]. [[Patent foramen ovale]] also involves a communication between the two atrium. However, it is not classified under atrial septal defect as no septal tissue is missing in this case. | ||
==Atrial septal defect classifications== | ==Atrial septal defect classifications== | ||
The | The [[atrial septal defect]]s are classified into various types based on their '''location''' and the '''nature of the embryological defect'''<ref name="pmid6991111">{{cite journal| author=Fuster V, Brandenburg RO, McGoon DC, Giuliani ER| title=Clinical approach and management of congenital heart disease in the adolescent and adult. | journal=Cardiovasc Clin | year= 1980 | volume= 10 | issue= 3 | pages= 161-97 | pmid=6991111 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>. | ||
*'''Isolated ASDs''' – It occurs due to abnormal development of the septa between right and left atrium of the heart and normally not associated with other cardiac defects. | *'''Isolated ASDs''' – It occurs due to abnormal development of the septa between right and left atrium of the heart and normally not associated with other cardiac defects. | ||
Revision as of 14:03, 28 August 2011
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [[2]]; Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3]; Assistant Editor(s)-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [[4]]
Overview
The normal septal development requires a proper alignment and fusion of the two interatrial septums i.e. septum primum and septum secundum. Failure to do so may lead to a patent fossa ovalis and the development of atrial septal defects. The atrial septal defects are classified into various types based on their location and the nature of the embryological defect. The various types of atrial septal defects that can occur are : ostium primum, ostium secundum, sinus venosus, common or single atrium and coronary sinus defects. Patent foramen ovale also involves a communication between the two atrium. However, it is not classified under atrial septal defect as no septal tissue is missing in this case.
==Atrial septal defect classifications==
The atrial septal defects are classified into various types based on their location and the nature of the embryological defect[1].
- Isolated ASDs – It occurs due to abnormal development of the septa between right and left atrium of the heart and normally not associated with other cardiac defects.
- Secundum ASD - ASDs at the fossa ovalis (75%).
- Superior sinus venosus type ASD (Superior vena caval defect) – Defect superior to fossa ovalis (sinus venosus types form 5-10%)
- Inferior sinus venosus type ASD (Inferior vena caval defect) - Defect inferior to the fossa ovalis
- Coronary sinus defects(less than 1% )
- Primum ASDs /Atrioventricular canal defects – It occurs due to mal-development of the partitioning of the AV canal by the endocardial cushions (15% to 20%) and is located inferiorly near the crux of heart. Mostly it is associated with some other malformations like ventricular septal defects. The various types of A-V canal defects that can occur are- complete, incomplete and common atrium
- In Patent foramen ovale (PFO) a communication exists between the right and left atria. Nevertheless, it’s not considered an atrial septal defect as no septal tissue is missing.