Atrial septal defect classification: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
During fetal development, the septal wall separating the left and right atria may fail to fuse causing an atrial septal defect to arise. | During fetal development, the septal wall separating the left and right atria may fail to fuse causing an atrial septal defect to arise. The atrial septal defects are classified into various types based on their location and the nature of the embryological defect. The various types of atrial septal defects that can occur are : [[Atrial septal defect ostium primum | ostium primum]], [[Atrial septal defect ostium secundum | ostium secundum]], [[Atrial septal defect sinus venosus atrial septal defect | sinus venosus]], and [[Atrial septal defect common or single atrium | common or single atrium]] and [[coronary sinus defects]]. [[Patent foramen ovale]] also involves a communication between the two atrium. However, it is not classified under atrial septal defect as no septal tissue is missing in this case. | ||
==Types of atrial septal defects== | ==Types of atrial septal defects== | ||
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* '''Primum ASDs /Atrioventricular canal defects''' – It occurs due to mal-development of the partitioning of the AV canal by the endocardial cushions. Mostly it is associated with some other malformations like [[ventricular septal defects]]. The various types of A-V canal defects that can occur are- complete, incomplete and common atrium | * '''Primum ASDs /Atrioventricular canal defects''' – It occurs due to mal-development of the partitioning of the AV canal by the endocardial cushions. Mostly it is associated with some other malformations like [[ventricular septal defects]]. The various types of A-V canal defects that can occur are- complete, incomplete and common atrium | ||
* In | * In [[Patent foramen ovale]] (PFO) a communication exists between the right and left atria. Nevertheless, it’s not considered an atrial septal defect as no septal tissue is missing. | ||
==References== | ==References== |
Revision as of 16:42, 19 August 2011
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [[2]]; Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3]; Assistant Editor(s)-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [[4]]
Overview
During fetal development, the septal wall separating the left and right atria may fail to fuse causing an atrial septal defect to arise. The atrial septal defects are classified into various types based on their location and the nature of the embryological defect. The various types of atrial septal defects that can occur are : ostium primum, ostium secundum, sinus venosus, and common or single atrium and coronary sinus defects. Patent foramen ovale also involves a communication between the two atrium. However, it is not classified under atrial septal defect as no septal tissue is missing in this case.
Types of atrial septal defects
The normal septal development requires a proper alignment and fusion of the two interatrial septums i.e. septum primum and septum secundum. Failure to do so may lead to the development of atrial septal defects. The atrial septal defects are classified into various types based on their location and the nature of the embryological defect.
- Isolated ASDs – It occurs due to abnormal development of the septa between right and left atrium of the heart.
- Secundum ASD - ASDs at the fossa ovalis. Secundum ASDs are the commonest and occur with increased frequencies in families
- Superior sinus venosus type ASD (Superior vena caval defect) – Defect superior to fossa ovalis
- Inferior sinus venosus type ASD (Inferior vena caval defect) - Defect inferior to the fossa ovalis
- Coronary sinus defects.
- Primum ASDs /Atrioventricular canal defects – It occurs due to mal-development of the partitioning of the AV canal by the endocardial cushions. Mostly it is associated with some other malformations like ventricular septal defects. The various types of A-V canal defects that can occur are- complete, incomplete and common atrium
- In Patent foramen ovale (PFO) a communication exists between the right and left atria. Nevertheless, it’s not considered an atrial septal defect as no septal tissue is missing.