Follicular thyroid cancer echocardiography and ultrasound: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
Neck ultrasound may be performed to detect follicular thyroid cancer.
Neck ultrasound may be performed to detect follicular thyroid cancer.
==Echocardiography/Ultrasound==
==Ultrasound==
===Ultrasound===
*[[Ultrasound imaging]] is useful in the [[diagnosis]] and management of [[thyroid cancer]]. It is used for:<ref name="CoquiaChu2014">{{cite journal|last1=Coquia|first1=Stephanie F.|last2=Chu|first2=Linda C.|last3=Hamper|first3=Ulrike M.|title=The Role of Sonography in Thyroid Cancer|journal=Radiologic Clinics of North America|volume=52|issue=6|year=2014|pages=1283–1294|issn=00338389|doi=10.1016/j.rcl.2014.07.007}}</ref>
* Key ultrasound findings in thyroid cancer are:
**Evaluation of [[thyroid nodule]] characteristics
:* Large size, microcalcifications, and hypoechogenicity<ref name=Radiopaedia2015>{{cite web | title = Follicular thyroid cancer [Dr Matt A. Morgan and Dr Frank Gaillard].Radiopedia 2015| url = http://radiopaedia.org/articles/follicular-thyroid-cancer Accessed on October, 29 2015 }}</ref>
**Determination of [[nodule]] location during [[fine needle aspiration]] study
:* Lymphadenopathy
**Assessment of adjacent lymph node for the purpose of staging the cancer
:* Microcalcifications- most specific finding associated with malignancy (~95%)
**Post-surgical surveillance for early detection of tumor recurrence and/or nodal [[metastatic]] [[disease]]
:* Coarse calcifications
*In summary, [[ultrasound imaging]] findings suggestive of [[malignant]] [[thyroid nodule]] include:
:* Peripheral rim calcification  
**Microcalcification
:* Isoechoic solid nodule
**Peripheral, coarse [[calcification]]
:* A nodule taller than it is wide
**Solid, hypoechoic [[nodule]]
:* Irregular margins
**Locally invaded [[nodule]] (more commonly seen in [[anaplastic thyroid cancer]] and primary [[thyroid]] [[lymphoma]])
* The lymph node findings are:
**High anteroposterior/width ratio
:* Enlarged regional lymph nodes are suspicious for thyroid malignancy
**Irregular nodular margin
:* Microcalcifications in regional lymph nodes are highly suspicious
**Adjacent suspicious [[lymph node]] with a size greater than 2 cm
:* Lymph nodes with cystic change are highly suspicious
**Presence of posterior acoustic shadowing
:* Loss of normal fatty hilum, irregular node appearance
*Additionally, [[ultrasound imaging]] has been observed to be useful in the [[diagnosis]] of non-palpable [[lymph node]] [[metastasis]] when used preoperatively.
:* Increased colour Doppler flow is suspicious
*Possible [[ultrasound]] findings in follicular adenoma/carcinoma include:
:* Low threshold criteria for lymph node biopsy
**Solid, well-marginated, hypoechoic [[nodules]] with thin hypoechoic halos
:* Biopsy if suspicious features
**Central linear hypoechoic striations or areas
:* Consider biopsy if >8 mm
==Reference==
==Reference==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Endocrine system]]
[[Category:Endocrine system]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
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[[Category:Types of cancer]]
[[Category:Types of cancer]]
[[Category:Hereditary cancers]]
[[Category:Hereditary cancers]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
[[Category:Surgery]]
[[Category:Surgery]]

Revision as of 19:03, 17 October 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2]

Overview

Neck ultrasound may be performed to detect follicular thyroid cancer.

Ultrasound

Reference

  1. Coquia, Stephanie F.; Chu, Linda C.; Hamper, Ulrike M. (2014). "The Role of Sonography in Thyroid Cancer". Radiologic Clinics of North America. 52 (6): 1283–1294. doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2014.07.007. ISSN 0033-8389.