Hypopharyngeal cancer natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
No edit summary
 
Line 1: Line 1:
__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Hypopharyngeal cancer}}
{{Hypopharyngeal cancer}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{G.D.}}, {{Faizan}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{G.D.}}, {{Faizan}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
The majority of patients with hypopharyngeal cancer are initially [[asymptomatic]]. Most patients with hypopharyngeal cancer clinically manisfest [[symptoms]] at late stage (III and IV) because of the [[tumor]] aggression which [[Metastasis|metastasizes]] to [[lymph nodes]] and [[submucosa]]. Once the [[tumor]] has expanded from its site of [[origin]], it may obstruct the [[Digestive|aerodigestive]] [[tract]]. Most common clinical presentations are [[neck]] [[mass]], [[dysphagia]] with [[weight loss]], non healing [[sore throat]], [[odynophagia]], and [[hoarseness]]. Common complications of hypopharyngeal cancer include upper [[airway obstruction]] and disfigurement of the [[neck]] or [[face]]. The [[prognosis]] varies with the type of hypopharyngeal cancer. [[Squamous]] [[cell]] [[carcinoma]] of [[hypopharynx]] has poor [[prognosis]] and small [[survival rate]].
The majority of patients with hypopharyngeal cancer are [[asymptomatic]] at the initial stages. The majority of patients with hypopharyngeal cancer clinically manifest [[symptoms]] at late stages (III and IV) because of the aggresive nature of [[tumor]] which [[Metastasis|metastasizes]] to [[lymph nodes]] and [[submucosa]]. Once the [[tumor]] has expanded from its site of [[origin]], it may obstruct the [[Digestive|aerodigestive]] [[tract]]. Most common clinical presentations include [[neck]] [[mass]], [[dysphagia]] with [[weight loss]], non healing [[sore throat]], [[odynophagia]], and [[hoarseness]]. Common complications of hypopharyngeal cancer include upper [[airway obstruction]] and disfigurement of the [[neck]] or [[face]]. The [[prognosis]] varies with the type of hypopharyngeal cancer. [[Squamous]] [[cell]] [[carcinoma]] of [[hypopharynx]] has poor [[prognosis]] and small [[survival rate]].


==Natural History, Complications and Prognosis==
==Natural History, Complications and Prognosis==
===Natural History===
===Natural History===
*The majority of patients with hypopharyngeal cancer are initially [[asymptomatic]]<ref name="PracyLoughran2016">{{cite journal|last1=Pracy|first1=P|last2=Loughran|first2=S|last3=Good|first3=J|last4=Parmar|first4=S|last5=Goranova|first5=R|title=Hypopharyngeal cancer: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines|journal=The Journal of Laryngology & Otology|volume=130|issue=S2|year=2016|pages=S104–S110|issn=0022-2151|doi=10.1017/S0022215116000529}}</ref>
*The majority of patients with hypopharyngeal cancer are [[asymptomatic]] at the initial stages.<ref name="PracyLoughran2016">{{cite journal|last1=Pracy|first1=P|last2=Loughran|first2=S|last3=Good|first3=J|last4=Parmar|first4=S|last5=Goranova|first5=R|title=Hypopharyngeal cancer: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines|journal=The Journal of Laryngology & Otology|volume=130|issue=S2|year=2016|pages=S104–S110|issn=0022-2151|doi=10.1017/S0022215116000529}}</ref>
*Most patients with hypopharyngeal cancer manifest [[symptoms]] at a late stage<ref name="ZbarenBecker1997">{{cite journal|last1=Zbaren|first1=P.|last2=Becker|first2=M.|last3=Lang|first3=H.|title=Pretherapeutic Staging of Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma: Clinical Findings, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Compared With Histopathologic Evaluation|journal=Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery|volume=123|issue=9|year=1997|pages=908–913|issn=0886-4470|doi=10.1001/archotol.1997.01900090016003}}</ref>
*The majority of patients with hypopharyngeal cancer manifest [[symptoms]] at a late stages.<ref name="ZbarenBecker1997">{{cite journal|last1=Zbaren|first1=P.|last2=Becker|first2=M.|last3=Lang|first3=H.|title=Pretherapeutic Staging of Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma: Clinical Findings, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Compared With Histopathologic Evaluation|journal=Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery|volume=123|issue=9|year=1997|pages=908–913|issn=0886-4470|doi=10.1001/archotol.1997.01900090016003}}</ref>
*About more than 50% of patients have [[neck]] [[mass]].
*Approiximately more than 50% of patients presents with [[neck]] [[mass]].
*Once the [[tumor]] has expanded from its site of [[origin]], it may obstruct the [[Digestive|aerodigestive]] passages.
*Once the [[tumor]] has expanded from its site of [[origin]], it may obstruct the [[Digestive|aerodigestive]] passages.
*The majority of patients with Hypopharyngeal cancer may develop distant [[metastasis]] to [[lungs]], [[mediastinum]], [[bones]], [[esophagus]], and [[thyroid gland]].
*The majority of patients with hypopharyngeal cancer may develop distant [[metastasis]] to [[lungs]], [[mediastinum]], [[bones]], [[esophagus]], and [[thyroid gland]].


===Complications===
===Complications===
Common complications of hypopharyngeal cancer include:<ref name="PracyLoughran2016">{{cite journal|last1=Pracy|first1=P|last2=Loughran|first2=S|last3=Good|first3=J|last4=Parmar|first4=S|last5=Goranova|first5=R|title=Hypopharyngeal cancer: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines|journal=The Journal of Laryngology & Otology|volume=130|issue=S2|year=2016|pages=S104–S110|issn=0022-2151|doi=10.1017/S0022215116000529}}</ref>
* Common complications of hypopharyngeal cancer include:<ref name="PracyLoughran2016">{{cite journal|last1=Pracy|first1=P|last2=Loughran|first2=S|last3=Good|first3=J|last4=Parmar|first4=S|last5=Goranova|first5=R|title=Hypopharyngeal cancer: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines|journal=The Journal of Laryngology & Otology|volume=130|issue=S2|year=2016|pages=S104–S110|issn=0022-2151|doi=10.1017/S0022215116000529}}</ref>
** [[Airway obstruction]]
** Disfigurement of the [[neck]] or [[face]]
** [[Hoarseness]] and speaking difficulties
** [[Metastasis]]


* [[Airway obstruction]]
===Prognosis===
* Disfigurement of the [[neck]] or [[face]]
* The [[prognosis]] of hypopharyngeal cancer depends on the [[age]], [[tumor]] location, [[risk factors]], and the stage.<ref name="pmid12560383">{{cite journal |vauthors=Helliwell TR |title=acp Best Practice No 169. Evidence based pathology: squamous carcinoma of the hypopharynx |journal=J. Clin. Pathol. |volume=56 |issue=2 |pages=81–5 |date=February 2003 |pmid=12560383 |pmc=1769882 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20925962">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chang MF, Wang HM, Kang CJ, Huang SF, Lin CY, Fang KH, Chen EY, Chen IH, Liao CT, Chang JT |title=Treatment results for hypopharyngeal cancer by different treatment strategies and its secondary primary--an experience in Taiwan |journal=Radiat Oncol |volume=5 |issue= |pages=91 |date=October 2010 |pmid=20925962 |pmc=2958972 |doi=10.1186/1748-717X-5-91 |url=}}</ref>
* [[Hoarseness]] and speaking difficulties
**[[Prognosis]] of hypopharyngeal cancer is worse than most of the [[head]] and [[neck]] [[cancers]].
* [[Metastasis]]
**[[Prognosis]] of hypopharyngeal cancer is usually poor.


===Prognosis===
* Based on staging, the 5-year [[survival rate]] of hypopharyngeal cancer is as follows:<ref name="pmid20925962">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chang MF, Wang HM, Kang CJ, Huang SF, Lin CY, Fang KH, Chen EY, Chen IH, Liao CT, Chang JT |title=Treatment results for hypopharyngeal cancer by different treatment strategies and its secondary primary--an experience in Taiwan |journal=Radiat Oncol |volume=5 |issue= |pages=91 |date=October 2010 |pmid=20925962 |pmc=2958972 |doi=10.1186/1748-717X-5-91 |url=}}</ref>
The [[prognosis]] of hypopharyngeal cancer depends on the [[age]], [[tumor]] location, [[risk factors]], and the stage<ref name="pmid12560383">{{cite journal |vauthors=Helliwell TR |title=acp Best Practice No 169. Evidence based pathology: squamous carcinoma of the hypopharynx |journal=J. Clin. Pathol. |volume=56 |issue=2 |pages=81–5 |date=February 2003 |pmid=12560383 |pmc=1769882 |doi= |url=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid20925962">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chang MF, Wang HM, Kang CJ, Huang SF, Lin CY, Fang KH, Chen EY, Chen IH, Liao CT, Chang JT |title=Treatment results for hypopharyngeal cancer by different treatment strategies and its secondary primary--an experience in Taiwan |journal=Radiat Oncol |volume=5 |issue= |pages=91 |date=October 2010 |pmid=20925962 |pmc=2958972 |doi=10.1186/1748-717X-5-91 |url=}}</ref>
**Overall 5 year [[survival rate]] is 24.8%  
*[[Prognosis]] of hypopharyngeal cancer is worse than most of the [[head]] and [[neck]] [[cancers]].
**Stage I-II has a 49.5% 5-year [[survival rate]]
*[[Prognosis]] of hypopharyngeal cancer is usually poor.
**Stage III has a 47.4% 5-year [[survival rate]]
Based on staging, the 5-year [[survival rate]] of hypopharyngeal cancer is as follows:<ref name="pmid20925962">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chang MF, Wang HM, Kang CJ, Huang SF, Lin CY, Fang KH, Chen EY, Chen IH, Liao CT, Chang JT |title=Treatment results for hypopharyngeal cancer by different treatment strategies and its secondary primary--an experience in Taiwan |journal=Radiat Oncol |volume=5 |issue= |pages=91 |date=October 2010 |pmid=20925962 |pmc=2958972 |doi=10.1186/1748-717X-5-91 |url=}}</ref>
**Stage IV has a 18.6% 5-year [[survival rate]]
*Overall 5 year [[survival rate]] is 24.8%  
*Stage I-II has a 49.5% 5-year [[survival rate]]
*Stage III has a 47.4% 5-year [[survival rate]]
*Stage IV has a 18.6% 5-year [[survival rate]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|1}}
{{reflist|2}}
 
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
 
[[Category:Types of cancer]]

Latest revision as of 16:58, 24 January 2019

Hypopharyngeal cancer Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Hypopharyngeal Cancer from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiogram or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Hypopharyngeal cancer natural history, complications and prognosis On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hypopharyngeal cancer natural history, complications and prognosis

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Hypopharyngeal cancer natural history, complications and prognosis

CDC on Hypopharyngeal cancer natural history, complications and prognosis

Hypopharyngeal cancer natural history, complications and prognosis in the news

Blogs on Hypopharyngeal cancer natural history, complications and prognosis

Directions to Hospitals Treating Hypopharyngeal cancer

Risk calculators and risk factors for Hypopharyngeal cancer natural history, complications and prognosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Gertrude Djouka, M.D.[2], Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [3]

Overview

The majority of patients with hypopharyngeal cancer are asymptomatic at the initial stages. The majority of patients with hypopharyngeal cancer clinically manifest symptoms at late stages (III and IV) because of the aggresive nature of tumor which metastasizes to lymph nodes and submucosa. Once the tumor has expanded from its site of origin, it may obstruct the aerodigestive tract. Most common clinical presentations include neck mass, dysphagia with weight loss, non healing sore throat, odynophagia, and hoarseness. Common complications of hypopharyngeal cancer include upper airway obstruction and disfigurement of the neck or face. The prognosis varies with the type of hypopharyngeal cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma of hypopharynx has poor prognosis and small survival rate.

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Natural History

Complications

Prognosis

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Pracy, P; Loughran, S; Good, J; Parmar, S; Goranova, R (2016). "Hypopharyngeal cancer: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines". The Journal of Laryngology & Otology. 130 (S2): S104–S110. doi:10.1017/S0022215116000529. ISSN 0022-2151.
  2. Zbaren, P.; Becker, M.; Lang, H. (1997). "Pretherapeutic Staging of Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma: Clinical Findings, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Compared With Histopathologic Evaluation". Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 123 (9): 908–913. doi:10.1001/archotol.1997.01900090016003. ISSN 0886-4470.
  3. Helliwell TR (February 2003). "acp Best Practice No 169. Evidence based pathology: squamous carcinoma of the hypopharynx". J. Clin. Pathol. 56 (2): 81–5. PMC 1769882. PMID 12560383.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Chang MF, Wang HM, Kang CJ, Huang SF, Lin CY, Fang KH, Chen EY, Chen IH, Liao CT, Chang JT (October 2010). "Treatment results for hypopharyngeal cancer by different treatment strategies and its secondary primary--an experience in Taiwan". Radiat Oncol. 5: 91. doi:10.1186/1748-717X-5-91. PMC 2958972. PMID 20925962.