Pneumomediastinum chest x ray: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
Line 11: Line 11:


*[[Subcutaneous emphysema]].
*[[Subcutaneous emphysema]].
*Naclerio V sign: Seen in pneumomediastinum occurring often secondary to an oesophageal rupture but it is not entirely specific to that condition.
*Naclerio V sign
*Gas anterior to [[pericardium]]: [[pneumopericardium]].
**Seen in pneumomediastinum occurring often secondary to an oesophageal rupture but it is not entirely specific to that condition.
*Gas around the [[pulmonary artery]] and main branches: ring around artery sign.
*Gas anterior to [[pericardium]]
*Gas outlining major aortic branches: tubular artery sign.
**[[Pneumopericardium]].
*Gas outlining bronchial wall: double bronchial wall sign.
*Gas around the [[pulmonary artery]] and main branches
*Continuous diaphragm sign: due to gas trapped posterior to the [[pericardium]].
**Ring around artery sign.
*Gas between [[parietal pleura]] and [[diaphragm]]: extrapleural sign.
*Gas outlining major aortic branches
**Tubular artery sign.
*Gas outlining bronchial wall
**Double bronchial wall sign.
*Continuous diaphragm sign
**Gas trapped posterior to the pericardium.
*Gas between [[pleura]] and [[diaphragm]]
**Extrapleural sign.
*Gas in [[pulmonary ligament]].
*Gas in [[pulmonary ligament]].


Pediatric pneumomediastinum has different appearances:
Pediatric pneumomediastinum has different appearances:


*Elevated [[thymus]]: thymic wing sign/Spinnaker snail sign(thymus being outlined by air).
*Elevated [[thymus]]
*Gas crossing the [[superior mediastinum]]: haystack sign (the heart appears like a haystack in a Monet painting).
**Thymic wing sign.
 
*Gas crossing the [[superior mediastinum]]
**Haystack sign (the heart appears like a haystack in a Monet painting).





Revision as of 16:48, 17 December 2018

Pneumomediastinum Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Pneumomediastinum from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Case Studies

Case #1

Pneumomediastinum chest x ray On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Pneumomediastinum chest x ray

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Pneumomediastinum chest x ray

CDC on Pneumomediastinum chest x ray

Pneumomediastinum chest x ray in the news

Blogs on Pneumomediastinum chest x ray

Directions to Hospitals Treating Pneumomediastinum

Risk calculators and risk factors for Pneumomediastinum chest x ray

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Trusha Tank, M.D.[2]

Overview

The diagnosis can be confirmed via chest X-ray showing a radiolucent outline around the heart and mediastinum or via CT scanning of the thorax. The presence of air within the connective tissue planes of the mediastinum can be seen on chest X-ray.

Chest X Ray

The following radiological finding(s) are associated with pneumomediastinum[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]:

  • Subcutaneous emphysema.
  • Naclerio V sign
    • Seen in pneumomediastinum occurring often secondary to an oesophageal rupture but it is not entirely specific to that condition.
  • Gas anterior to pericardium
  • Gas around the pulmonary artery and main branches
    • Ring around artery sign.
  • Gas outlining major aortic branches
    • Tubular artery sign.
  • Gas outlining bronchial wall
    • Double bronchial wall sign.
  • Continuous diaphragm sign
    • Gas trapped posterior to the pericardium.
  • Gas between pleura and diaphragm
    • Extrapleural sign.
  • Gas in pulmonary ligament.

Pediatric pneumomediastinum has different appearances:

  • Elevated thymus
    • Thymic wing sign.
  • Gas crossing the superior mediastinum
    • Haystack sign (the heart appears like a haystack in a Monet painting).



References

  1. Taveras, J., & Ferrucci, J. (1986). Radiology. Diagnosis/imaging/intervention. 5 volumes. Annual revision service. R. Health Professions,Philadelphia, PA.
  2. Sandler, Carl M.; Llbshltz, Herman I.; Marks, Gerald; Libshitz, Herman I. (1975). "Pneumoperitoneum, Pneumomediastinum and Pneumopericardium Following Dental Extraction". Radiology. 115 (3): 539–540. doi:10.1148/15.3.539. ISSN 0033-8419.
  3. Kim, Hye Rin; Yoo, Seung Min; Lee, Hwa Yeon; Han, Jin Hee; Frazier, Aletta A; White, Charles S (2016). "Presence of subpleural pulmonary interstitial emphysema as an indication of single or multiple alveolar ruptures on CT in patients with spontaneous pneumomediastinum". Acta Radiologica. 57 (12): 1483–1489. doi:10.1177/0284185116629830. ISSN 0284-1851.
  4. Moseley, John E. (1960). "Loculated Pneumomediastinum in the Newborn". Radiology. 75 (5): 788–790. doi:10.1148/75.5.788. ISSN 0033-8419.
  5. Hammond DI (March 1984). "The "ring-around-the-artery" sign in pneumomediastinum". J Can Assoc Radiol. 35 (1): 88–9. PMID 6725378.
  6. Levin, Bertram (1973). "The continuous diaphragm sign". Clinical Radiology. 24 (3): 337–338. doi:10.1016/S0009-9260(73)80050-9. ISSN 0009-9260.
  7. Lillard, Richard L.; Allen, Parker (1965). "The Extrapleural Air Sign in Pneumomediastinum". Radiology. 85 (6): 1093–1098. doi:10.1148/85.6.1093. ISSN 0033-8419.

Template:WH Template:WS