Pancreatic cancer CT: Difference between revisions

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==CT==
==CT==
===Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma===
===Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma===
Typically ductal adenocarcinomas appear as poorly defined masses with extensive surrounding desmoplastic reaction. They enhance poorly compared to adjacent normal pancreatic tissue and thus appear hypodense on arterial phase scans in 75-90% of cases, but may become isodense on delayed scans (thus the need for multiple phase scanning when pancreatic cancer is the clinical question). Double duct sign may be seen.
*Findings on CT scan that may be suggestive of Pancreatic cancer include: <ref name="pmid19129613">{{cite journal| author=Horwhat JD, Gerke H, Acosta RD, Pavey DA, Jowell PS| title=Focal or diffuse "fullness" of the pancreas on CT. Usually benign, but EUS plus/minus FNA is warranted to identify malignancy. | journal=JOP | year= 2009 | volume= 10 | issue= 1 | pages= 37-42 | pmid=19129613 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19129613  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid2827228">{{cite journal| author=Freeny PC, Marks WM, Ryan JA, Traverso LW| title=Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: diagnosis and staging with dynamic CT. | journal=Radiology | year= 1988 | volume= 166 | issue= 1 Pt 1 | pages= 125-33 | pmid=2827228 | doi=10.1148/radiology.166.1.2827228 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2827228  }} </ref><ref name="pmid6867347">{{cite journal| author=Karasawa E, Goldberg HI, Moss AA, Federle MP, London SS| title=CT pancreatogram in carcinoma of the pancreas and chronic pancreatitis. | journal=Radiology | year= 1983 | volume= 148 | issue= 2 | pages= 489-93 | pmid=6867347 | doi=10.1148/radiology.148.2.6867347 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6867347  }} </ref><ref name="pmid9124153">{{cite journal| author=Raptopoulos V, Steer ML, Sheiman RG, Vrachliotis TG, Gougoutas CA, Movson JS| title=The use of helical CT and CT angiography to predict vascular involvement from pancreatic cancer: correlation with findings at surgery. | journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol | year= 1997 | volume= 168 | issue= 4 | pages= 971-7 | pmid=9124153 | doi=10.2214/ajr.168.4.9124153 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9124153  }} </ref><ref name="pmid22699206">{{cite journal| author=Asagi A, Ohta K, Nasu J, Tanada M, Nadano S, Nishimura R et al.| title=Utility of contrast-enhanced FDG-PET/CT in the clinical management of pancreatic cancer: impact on diagnosis, staging, evaluation of treatment response, and detection of recurrence. | journal=Pancreas | year= 2013 | volume= 42 | issue= 1 | pages= 11-9 | pmid=22699206 | doi=10.1097/MPA.0b013e3182550d77 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22699206  }} </ref>
CT correlates well with surgical findings in predicting unresectablitly (positive predictive value of 89-100%). The most important feature to assess locally is the relationship of the tumour to surrounding vessels (SMA and coeliac axis). If the tumour surrounds a vessel by more than 180 degrees then it is deemed T4 disease and is unresectable.<ref name=radio>Pancreatic ductal carcinoma. Dr Ahmed Abd Rabou and Dr Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopedia.org 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/pancreatic-ductal-carcinoma</ref>
**Morphological changes of the gland with abnormalities of CT attenuation values,
**Destruction of the peripancreatic fat and loss of the sharp margins with surrounding structures
**Involvement of the regional lymph nodes and adjacent vasculature
**Pancreatic ductal dilatation
**Pancreatic atrophy
**Obstruction of the common bile duct (CBD)


[[Image:CT_Pancreatic_cancer.png|thumb|350px|center|By Hellerhoff (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons]]
[[Image:CT_Pancreatic_cancer.png|thumb|350px|center|By Hellerhoff (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons]]

Revision as of 21:56, 15 November 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2];Parminder Dhingra, M.D. [3];Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [4]

Overview

On abdominal CT scan, pancreatic cancer appears as a poorly defined mass with surrounding desmoplastic reaction.

CT

Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

  • Findings on CT scan that may be suggestive of Pancreatic cancer include: [1] [2][3][4][5]
    • Morphological changes of the gland with abnormalities of CT attenuation values,
    • Destruction of the peripancreatic fat and loss of the sharp margins with surrounding structures
    • Involvement of the regional lymph nodes and adjacent vasculature
    • Pancreatic ductal dilatation
    • Pancreatic atrophy
    • Obstruction of the common bile duct (CBD)
By Hellerhoff (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons

References

  1. Horwhat JD, Gerke H, Acosta RD, Pavey DA, Jowell PS (2009). "Focal or diffuse "fullness" of the pancreas on CT. Usually benign, but EUS plus/minus FNA is warranted to identify malignancy". JOP. 10 (1): 37–42. PMID 19129613.
  2. Freeny PC, Marks WM, Ryan JA, Traverso LW (1988). "Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: diagnosis and staging with dynamic CT". Radiology. 166 (1 Pt 1): 125–33. doi:10.1148/radiology.166.1.2827228. PMID 2827228.
  3. Karasawa E, Goldberg HI, Moss AA, Federle MP, London SS (1983). "CT pancreatogram in carcinoma of the pancreas and chronic pancreatitis". Radiology. 148 (2): 489–93. doi:10.1148/radiology.148.2.6867347. PMID 6867347.
  4. Raptopoulos V, Steer ML, Sheiman RG, Vrachliotis TG, Gougoutas CA, Movson JS (1997). "The use of helical CT and CT angiography to predict vascular involvement from pancreatic cancer: correlation with findings at surgery". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 168 (4): 971–7. doi:10.2214/ajr.168.4.9124153. PMID 9124153.
  5. Asagi A, Ohta K, Nasu J, Tanada M, Nadano S, Nishimura R; et al. (2013). "Utility of contrast-enhanced FDG-PET/CT in the clinical management of pancreatic cancer: impact on diagnosis, staging, evaluation of treatment response, and detection of recurrence". Pancreas. 42 (1): 11–9. doi:10.1097/MPA.0b013e3182550d77. PMID 22699206.


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