Tuberculosis in children: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
No edit summary |
|||
| Line 6: | Line 6: | ||
==Tuberculosis in Children== | ==Tuberculosis in Children== | ||
===Treatment Regimens=== | |||
<!--- | |||
Because of the high risk of disseminated tuberculosis in infants and children younger than 4 years of age, treatment should be started as soon as the diagnosis of tuberculosis is suspected. In general, the regimens recommended for adults are also the regimens of choice for infants, children, and adolescents with tuberculosis, with the exception that [[ethambutol]] is not used routinely in children. Because there is a lower bacillary burden in childhood-type tuberculosis there is less concern with the development of acquired [[drug resistance]]. However, children and adolescents may develop "adult-type" tuberculosis with upper lobe infiltration, cavitation, and [[sputum]] production. In such situations an initial phase of four drugs should be given until susceptibility is proven. When clinical or epidemiologic circumstances suggest an increased probability of [[INH]] resistance, [[EMB]] can be used safely at a dose of 15--20 mg/kg per day, even in children too young for routine eye testing. [[Streptomycin]], [[kanamycin]], or [[amikacin]] also can be used as the fourth drug, when necessary. | Because of the high risk of disseminated tuberculosis in infants and children younger than 4 years of age, treatment should be started as soon as the diagnosis of tuberculosis is suspected. In general, the regimens recommended for adults are also the regimens of choice for infants, children, and adolescents with tuberculosis, with the exception that [[ethambutol]] is not used routinely in children. Because there is a lower bacillary burden in childhood-type tuberculosis there is less concern with the development of acquired [[drug resistance]]. However, children and adolescents may develop "adult-type" tuberculosis with upper lobe infiltration, cavitation, and [[sputum]] production. In such situations an initial phase of four drugs should be given until susceptibility is proven. When clinical or epidemiologic circumstances suggest an increased probability of [[INH]] resistance, [[EMB]] can be used safely at a dose of 15--20 mg/kg per day, even in children too young for routine eye testing. [[Streptomycin]], [[kanamycin]], or [[amikacin]] also can be used as the fourth drug, when necessary. | ||
| Line 15: | Line 19: | ||
The optimal treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in children and adolescents with [[HIV]] infection is unknown. The [[American Academy of Pediatrics]] recommends that initial therapy should always include at least three drugs, and the total duration of therapy should be at least 9 months, although there are no data to support this recommendation. | The optimal treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in children and adolescents with [[HIV]] infection is unknown. The [[American Academy of Pediatrics]] recommends that initial therapy should always include at least three drugs, and the total duration of therapy should be at least 9 months, although there are no data to support this recommendation. | ||
---> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 14:17, 23 September 2014
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Alejandro Lemor, M.D. [2]
|
Tuberculosis Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Tuberculosis in children On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Tuberculosis in children |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Tuberculosis in children |