Tuberculosis epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:TB Case Rates by Age Group United States, 1993–2013.png|thumb|center|400 px|TB Case Rates* by Age Group United States, 1993–2013<SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.cdc.gov - Center for Disease Control and Prevention( CDC)]''<ref name="CDC">{{Cite web | title = Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) | url = http://www.cdc.gov}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>]] | [[Image:TB Case Rates by Age Group United States, 1993–2013.png|thumb|center|400 px|TB Case Rates* by Age Group United States, 1993–2013<SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.cdc.gov - Center for Disease Control and Prevention( CDC)]''<ref name="CDC">{{Cite web | title = Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) | url = http://www.cdc.gov}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>]] | ||
[[Image:Reported TB Cases by Age Group, United States, 2013.png|thumb|center|400 px|Reported TB Cases by Age Group, United States, 2013<SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.cdc.gov - Center for Disease Control and Prevention( CDC)]''<ref name="CDC">{{Cite web | title = Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) | url = http://www.cdc.gov}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>]] | |||
==Gender== | ==Gender== | ||
410 000 women died from TB in 2012, including 160 000 among women who were [[HIV]]-positive. Of the overall TB deaths among [[HIV]]-positive people, 50% were among women. TB is one of the top killers of women of reproductive age.<ref name=CDC>{{cite web | title = Tuberculosis (TB) | url = http://www.cdc.gov/tb/statistics/default.htm }}</ref><ref name=WHO>{{cite web | title = Tuberculosis | url = http://www.who.int/tb/en/ }}</ref> | 410 000 women died from TB in 2012, including 160 000 among women who were [[HIV]]-positive. Of the overall TB deaths among [[HIV]]-positive people, 50% were among women. TB is one of the top killers of women of reproductive age.<ref name=CDC>{{cite web | title = Tuberculosis (TB) | url = http://www.cdc.gov/tb/statistics/default.htm }}</ref><ref name=WHO>{{cite web | title = Tuberculosis | url = http://www.who.int/tb/en/ }}</ref> |
Revision as of 19:58, 15 September 2014
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Tuberculosis, or TB is a bacterial infection that kills 3 million people worldwide, more people than any other infection in the world. Approximately one-third of the world is infected, and 15 million people in the US. Active tuberculosis kills 60% of the time if not treated, but treatment cures 90% of patients. Most people are infected with TB have latent TB. This means that the bacteria is controlled by the body's immune system. People with latent TB do not have symptoms and cannot transmit TB to other people. However, later if the infected person has a weakened immune system (AIDS, young children, elderly, sick with other diseases, etc.), the bacteria can break out leading to active TB, or TB disease.
Epidemiology
Tuberculosis is one of the world's deadliest diseases. Since 1990, the mortality rate of TB decreased 45%, and the 2015 global target is a 50% reduction of this rate. It is estimated that about 1/3 of the world's population is infected with TB:[1][2]
- In 2012 about 8.6 million people developed symptomatic TB
- 1.1 million of these cases occurred among people with HIV
- 1.3 million people died from TB
- 320 000 of these cases occurred among people with HIV
In the United States, a total of 9 582 cases were reported in 2013. This represents an incidence of 3.0 cases per 100 000 persons.[1][2]
Compared to 2012, both the number of TB cases reported and the case rate have decreased, 5.4% and 6.1%, respectively.[1][2]
TB Infection Rate in the US
Since the 1992 TB resurgence peak in the United States, the number of TB cases reported annually has decreased.[1]
HIV Coinfection
TB is a leading killer of people who are infected with HIV. In 2012, 46% of notified TB patients had a documented HIV test result. Africa has the highest TB/HIV burden, where three out of four TB patients know their HIV status. In 2012, 4.1 million people enrolled in HIV care were screened for TB, up from 3.5 million in 2011. Globally, 57% of the TB patients known to be living with HIV in 2012 were started on antiretroviral therapy (ART).[1][2]
Age
An estimated 530 000 children became ill with TB and 74 000 children who were HIV-negative died of TB in 2012.[1][2]
Gender
410 000 women died from TB in 2012, including 160 000 among women who were HIV-positive. Of the overall TB deaths among HIV-positive people, 50% were among women. TB is one of the top killers of women of reproductive age.[1][2]