Minocycline hydrochloride microbiology: Difference between revisions
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Because many strains of the following gram-positive microorganisms have been shown to be resistant to tetracyclines, culture and susceptibility testing are especially recommended. Tetracycline antibiotics should not be used for streptococcal diseases unless the organism has been demonstrated to be susceptible. Tetracyclines are not the drug of choice in the treatment of any type of staphylococcal infection. | Because many strains of the following gram-positive microorganisms have been shown to be resistant to tetracyclines, culture and susceptibility testing are especially recommended. Tetracycline antibiotics should not be used for streptococcal diseases unless the organism has been demonstrated to be susceptible. Tetracyclines are not the drug of choice in the treatment of any type of staphylococcal infection. | ||
Bacillus | [[Bacillus anthracis]] | ||
Listeria | [[Listeria monocytogenes]] | ||
Staphylococcus aureus | [[Staphylococcus aureus]] | ||
Streptococcus pneumoniae | [[Streptococcus pneumoniae]] | ||
AEROBIC GRAM-NEGATIVE MICROORGANISMS | '''AEROBIC GRAM-NEGATIVE MICROORGANISMS''' | ||
Bartonella bacilliformis | [[Bartonella bacilliformis]] | ||
Brucella species | [[Brucella species]] | ||
Calymmatobacterium granulomatis | [[Calymmatobacterium granulomatis]] | ||
Campylobacter fetus | [[Campylobacter fetus]] | ||
Francisella tularensis | [[Francisella tularensis]] | ||
Haemophilus ducreyi | [[Haemophilus ducreyi]] | ||
Vibrio cholerae | [[Vibrio cholerae]] | ||
Yersinia pestis | [[Yersinia pestis]] | ||
Because many strains of the following groups of gram-negative microorganisms have been shown to be resistant to tetracyclines, culture and susceptibility tests are especially recommended: | Because many strains of the following groups of gram-negative microorganisms have been shown to be resistant to tetracyclines, culture and susceptibility tests are especially recommended: | ||
Acinetobacter species | [[Acinetobacter species]] | ||
Enterobacter aerogenes | [[Enterobacter aerogenes]] | ||
Escherichia coli | [[Escherichia coli]] | ||
Haemophilus influenzae | [[Haemophilus influenzae]] | ||
Klebsiella species | [[Klebsiella species]] | ||
Neisseria | [[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]] | ||
Neisseria | [[Neisseria meningitidis]] | ||
Shigella species | [[Shigella species]] | ||
"OTHER" MICROORGANISMS | '''"OTHER" MICROORGANISMS''' | ||
Actinomyces | [[Actinomyces species]] | ||
Borrelia recurrentis | [[Borrelia recurrentis]] | ||
Chlamydia psittaci | [[Chlamydia psittaci]] | ||
Chlamydia trachomatis | [[Chlamydia trachomatis]] | ||
Clostridium | [[Clostridium species]] | ||
Entamoeba species | [[Entamoeba species]] | ||
Fusobacterium nucletum ssp. | [[Fusobacterium nucletum ssp. fusiforme]] | ||
Mycobacterium marinum | [[Mycobacterium marinum]] | ||
Mycoplasma pneumonia | [[Mycoplasma pneumonia]] | ||
Propionibacterium acnes | [[Propionibacterium acnes]] | ||
Rickettsiae | [[Rickettsiae]] | ||
Treponema pallidum subspecies | [[Treponema pallidum]] subspecies pallidum | ||
Treponema pallidum subspecies | [[Treponema pallidum]] subspecies pertenue | ||
Ureaplasma urealyticum | Ureaplasma urealyticum | ||
When penicillin is contraindicated, tetracyclines are alternative drugs in the treatment of infections caused by the cited microorganisms. | |||
Susceptibility tests | '''Susceptibility tests''' | ||
Susceptibility testing should be performed with tetracycline since it predicts susceptibility to minocycline. However, certain organisms (e.g., some staphylococci, and Acinetobacter ssp.) may be more susceptible to minocycline and doxycycline than to tetracycline. | Susceptibility testing should be performed with tetracycline since it predicts susceptibility to minocycline. However, certain organisms (e.g., some staphylococci, and Acinetobacter ssp.) may be more susceptible to minocycline and doxycycline than to tetracycline. | ||
Dilution techniques | '''Dilution techniques''' | ||
Quantitative methods are used to determine antimicrobial minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs). These MICs provide estimates of the susceptibility of bacteria to antimicrobial compounds. The MICs should be determined using a standardized procedure. Standardized procedures are based on a dilution method1,3 (broth or agar) or equivalent with standardized inoculum concentrations and standardized concentrations of tetracycline powder. The MIC values should be interpreted according to the following criteria: | Quantitative methods are used to determine antimicrobial minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs). These MICs provide estimates of the susceptibility of bacteria to antimicrobial compounds. The MICs should be determined using a standardized procedure. Standardized procedures are based on a dilution method1,3 (broth or agar) or equivalent with standardized inoculum concentrations and standardized concentrations of tetracycline powder. The MIC values should be interpreted according to the following criteria: |
Revision as of 05:48, 9 January 2014
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamed Moubarak, M.D. [2]
Microbiology
The tetracyclines are primarily bacteriostatic and are thought to exert their antimicrobial effect by the inhibition of protein synthesis. The tetracyclines, including minocycline, have a similar antimicrobial spectrum of activity against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Cross-resistance of these organisms to tetracyclines is common.
Minocycline has been shown to be active against most strains of the following microorganisms, both in vitro and in clinical infections as described in the INDICATIONS AND USAGE section:
AEROBIC GRAM-POSITIVE MICROORGANISMS
Because many strains of the following gram-positive microorganisms have been shown to be resistant to tetracyclines, culture and susceptibility testing are especially recommended. Tetracycline antibiotics should not be used for streptococcal diseases unless the organism has been demonstrated to be susceptible. Tetracyclines are not the drug of choice in the treatment of any type of staphylococcal infection.
AEROBIC GRAM-NEGATIVE MICROORGANISMS
Calymmatobacterium granulomatis
Because many strains of the following groups of gram-negative microorganisms have been shown to be resistant to tetracyclines, culture and susceptibility tests are especially recommended:
"OTHER" MICROORGANISMS
Fusobacterium nucletum ssp. fusiforme
Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum
Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue
Ureaplasma urealyticum
When penicillin is contraindicated, tetracyclines are alternative drugs in the treatment of infections caused by the cited microorganisms.
Susceptibility tests
Susceptibility testing should be performed with tetracycline since it predicts susceptibility to minocycline. However, certain organisms (e.g., some staphylococci, and Acinetobacter ssp.) may be more susceptible to minocycline and doxycycline than to tetracycline.
Dilution techniques
Quantitative methods are used to determine antimicrobial minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs). These MICs provide estimates of the susceptibility of bacteria to antimicrobial compounds. The MICs should be determined using a standardized procedure. Standardized procedures are based on a dilution method1,3 (broth or agar) or equivalent with standardized inoculum concentrations and standardized concentrations of tetracycline powder. The MIC values should be interpreted according to the following criteria:
For testing aerobic gram-negative microorganisms (Enterobacteriaceae), Acinetobacter ssp. and Staphylococcus aureus.[1]
References
- ↑ "DYNACIN (MINOCYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE) CAPSULE [MEDICIS, THE DERMATOLOGY COMPANY]". Text " accessdate" ignored (help)
Adapted from the FDA Package Insert.