Pancreatic cancer risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Pancreatic cancer is associated with number of predisposing risk factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, and environmental exposures. The most potent risk factors for | [[Pancreatic cancer]] is associated with number of predisposing [[Risk factor|risk factors]] such as age, gender, ethnicity, and environmental exposures. The most potent [[Risk factor|risk factors]] for [[pancreatic cancer]] include [[smoking]], [[alcoholism]], increased [[Body mass index|BMI]], [[diabetes mellitus]], [[chronic pancreatitis]] and a [[family history]] of [[pancreatic cancer]]. Individuals with [[hereditary pancreatitis]], familial [[pancreatic cancer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers|Peutz-Jeghers disease]], ''[[familial atypical multiple mole melanoma syndrome]] (FAMMM)'', [[von Hippel-Lindau syndrome]], [[multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]], [[cystic fibrosis]] of the [[pancreas]] and familial [[cancer]] syndromes such as [[Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer|lynch syndrome]], [[familial adenomatous polyposis]] (FAP) and hereditary [[Breast cancer|breast]] and [[ovarian cancer]]-[[BRCA1]] and [[BRCA2]] mutations are also at an increased risk of [[pancreatic cancer]]. Other medical conditions which pose as a risk factor for [[pancreatic cancer]] are [[inflammatory bowel disease]], [[periodontal disease]] and [[peptic ulcer disease]]. | ||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
*The most potent risk factors for | *The most potent risk factors for [[pancreatic cancer]] include [[smoking]], [[alcoholism]], increased [[Body mass index|BMI]], [[diabetes mellitus]], [[chronic pancreatitis]] and a [[family history]] of [[pancreatic cancer]]. | ||
*Individuals with the following conditions are also at an increased risk of pancreatic cancer:<ref name="pmid26320426">{{cite journal| author=Goral V| title=Pancreatic Cancer: Pathogenesis and Diagnosis. | journal=Asian Pac J Cancer Prev | year= 2015 | volume= 16 | issue= 14 | pages= 5619-24 | pmid=26320426 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26320426 }} </ref> | *Individuals with the following conditions are also at an increased risk of [[pancreatic cancer]]:<ref name="pmid26320426">{{cite journal| author=Goral V| title=Pancreatic Cancer: Pathogenesis and Diagnosis. | journal=Asian Pac J Cancer Prev | year= 2015 | volume= 16 | issue= 14 | pages= 5619-24 | pmid=26320426 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26320426 }} </ref> | ||
**[[Hereditary pancreatitis]] | **[[Hereditary pancreatitis]] | ||
**Familial pancreatic cancer | **Familial [[pancreatic cancer]] | ||
**[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome|Peutz-Jeghers disease]] | **[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome|Peutz-Jeghers disease]] | ||
**Familial atypical mole melanoma syndrome (FAMMM) | **''Familial atypical mole melanoma syndrome (FAMMM)'' | ||
**[[Cystic fibrosis]] of pancreas | **[[Cystic fibrosis]] of pancreas | ||
**Familial cancer syndromes such as: | **Familial [[cancer]] syndromes such as: | ||
***[[Lynch syndrome]] | ***[[Lynch syndrome]] | ||
***[[Familial adenomatous polyposis]] ([[FAP]]) | ***[[Familial adenomatous polyposis]] ([[FAP]]) | ||
***[[Von Hippel-Lindau disease|Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome]] | ***[[Von Hippel-Lindau disease|Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome]] | ||
***[[Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]] | ***[[Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]] | ||
***Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer-[[BRCA1]] and [[BRCA2]] mutations | ***Hereditary [[Breast cancer|breast]] and [[ovarian cancer]]-[[BRCA1]] and [[BRCA2]] mutations | ||
*Risk factors for Pancreatic cancer are illustrated in the following tables: | *Risk factors for [[Pancreatic cancer]] are illustrated in the following tables: | ||
*'''Risk factors for Pancreatic Cancers:'''<ref name="pmid22592847">{{cite journal| author=Bond-Smith G, Banga N, Hammond TM, Imber CJ| title=Pancreatic adenocarcinoma. | journal=BMJ | year= 2012 | volume= 344 | issue= | pages= e2476 | pmid=22592847 | doi=10.1136/bmj.e2476 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22592847 }} </ref> | *'''Risk factors for Pancreatic Cancers:'''<ref name="pmid22592847">{{cite journal| author=Bond-Smith G, Banga N, Hammond TM, Imber CJ| title=Pancreatic adenocarcinoma. | journal=BMJ | year= 2012 | volume= 344 | issue= | pages= e2476 | pmid=22592847 | doi=10.1136/bmj.e2476 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22592847 }} </ref> | ||
| Line 106: | Line 106: | ||
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + " | 2 % | | style="background:#F5F5F5; + " | 2 % | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#DCDCDC; + " | | | style="background:#DCDCDC; + " | Nonhereditary and [[chronic pancreatitis]] | ||
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + " | 2-6 % | | style="background:#F5F5F5; + " | 2-6 % | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#DCDCDC; + " | Obesity, Inactivity or both | | style="background:#DCDCDC; + " | [[Obesity]], Inactivity or both | ||
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + " | 2 % | | style="background:#F5F5F5; + " | 2 % | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 118: | Line 118: | ||
|+ | |+ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#DCDCDC; + " | Hereditary pancreatitis (PRSS1, SPINK1) | | style="background:#DCDCDC; + " | [[Hereditary pancreatitis]] (PRSS1, SPINK1) | ||
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + " | 50 % | | style="background:#F5F5F5; + " | 50 % | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#DCDCDC; + " | Familial atypical multiple mole and melanoma syndrome (p16) | | style="background:#DCDCDC; + " | ''Familial atypical multiple mole and melanoma syndrome'' (p16) | ||
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + " | 10-20 % | | style="background:#F5F5F5; + " | 10-20 % | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#DCDCDC; + " | Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndromes ([[BRCA1]], [[BRCA2]], PALB2) | | style="background:#DCDCDC; + " | Hereditary [[Breast cancer|breast]] and [[ovarian cancer]] syndromes ([[BRCA1]], [[BRCA2]], PALB2) | ||
| style="background:#F5F5F5; + " | 1-2 % | | style="background:#F5F5F5; + " | 1-2 % | ||
|- | |- | ||
Revision as of 03:11, 16 November 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aravind Reddy Kothagadi M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Pancreatic cancer is associated with number of predisposing risk factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, and environmental exposures. The most potent risk factors for pancreatic cancer include smoking, alcoholism, increased BMI, diabetes mellitus, chronic pancreatitis and a family history of pancreatic cancer. Individuals with hereditary pancreatitis, familial pancreatic cancer, Peutz-Jeghers disease, familial atypical multiple mole melanoma syndrome (FAMMM), von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, cystic fibrosis of the pancreas and familial cancer syndromes such as lynch syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and hereditary breast and ovarian cancer-BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are also at an increased risk of pancreatic cancer. Other medical conditions which pose as a risk factor for pancreatic cancer are inflammatory bowel disease, periodontal disease and peptic ulcer disease.
Risk Factors
- The most potent risk factors for pancreatic cancer include smoking, alcoholism, increased BMI, diabetes mellitus, chronic pancreatitis and a family history of pancreatic cancer.
- Individuals with the following conditions are also at an increased risk of pancreatic cancer:[1]
- Hereditary pancreatitis
- Familial pancreatic cancer
- Peutz-Jeghers disease
- Familial atypical mole melanoma syndrome (FAMMM)
- Cystic fibrosis of pancreas
- Familial cancer syndromes such as:
- Lynch syndrome
- Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
- Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
- Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
- Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer-BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations
- Risk factors for Pancreatic cancer are illustrated in the following tables:
- Risk factors for Pancreatic Cancers:[2]
| Risk factors for Pancreatic Cancer |
|---|
| Risk factors |
|
|
| Familial Cancer Syndromes |
|
| Other medical conditions |
|
- Risk Factors and Inherited Syndromes associated with Pancreatic Cancer:[3]
| Risk Factors and Inherited Syndromes associated with Pancreatic Cancer | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Risk Factor | Approximate Risk | ||
| Smoking | 2-3 % | ||
| Long-standing Diabetes mellitus | 2 % | ||
| Nonhereditary and chronic pancreatitis | 2-6 % | ||
| Obesity, Inactivity or both | 2 % | ||
| Non O Blood Group | 1-2 % | ||
| Genetic Syndrome and Associated Gene or Genes | |||
| Hereditary pancreatitis (PRSS1, SPINK1) | 50 % | ||
| Familial atypical multiple mole and melanoma syndrome (p16) | 10-20 % | ||
| Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndromes (BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2) | 1-2 % | ||
| Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (STK11 [LKB1]) | 30-40 % | ||
| Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome) (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6) | 4 % | ||
| Ataxia-telangiectasia (ATM) | Unknown | ||
| Li-Fraumeni syndrome (P53) | Unknown | ||
References
- ↑ Goral V (2015). "Pancreatic Cancer: Pathogenesis and Diagnosis". Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 16 (14): 5619–24. PMID 26320426.
- ↑ Bond-Smith G, Banga N, Hammond TM, Imber CJ (2012). "Pancreatic adenocarcinoma". BMJ. 344: e2476. doi:10.1136/bmj.e2476. PMID 22592847.
- ↑ Ryan DP, Hong TS, Bardeesy N (2014). "Pancreatic adenocarcinoma". N Engl J Med. 371 (11): 1039–49. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1404198. PMID 25207767.