Mental retardation differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
 
(3 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 5: Line 5:


==Overview==
==Overview==
[Disease name] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as [differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].
Intellectual disability must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [[cognitive]] deficits such as [[neurocognitive]] disorders or [[brain]] injury, [[specific learning]] disorders, or [[genetic]] conditions that are characterized by [[mental retardation]].


OR
==Differentiating Mental Retardation from other Diseases==
 
#[[Neurocognitive disorders]] – there is loss of [[cognitive]] functioning in these cases.
[Disease name] must be differentiated from [[differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].
#[[Specific learning disorder]] and [[language disorders]] – compared to individuals with ID, these individuals have [[deficits]] in [[communication]] and [[learning]] aspects but with [[normal]] [[intellect]] and [[adaptive]] [[function]].
 
#[[Autism spectrum disorder]] – [[social development]] and [[language]] [[deficits]] are the [[hallmark]] of [[autism]] spectrum patients and have [[normal]] [[motor]] [[development]].
==Differentiating [Disease name] from other Diseases==
[Disease name] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as [differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].
 
OR
 
[Disease name] must be differentiated from [differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].
 
OR
 
As [disease name] manifests in a variety of clinical forms, differentiation must be established in accordance with the particular subtype. [Subtype name 1] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], such as [differential dx1] and [differential dx2]. In contrast, [subtype name 2] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 2], such as [differential dx3] and [differential dx4].
 
===Differentiating [disease name] from other diseases on the basis of [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]===
 
On the basis [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3], [disease name] must be differentiated from [disease 1], [disease 2], [disease 3], [disease 4], [disease 5], and [disease 6].
{|
|- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
! rowspan="4"  style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Diseases
| colspan="6" rowspan="1"  style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|'''Clinical manifestations'''
! colspan="7" rowspan="2"  style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Para-clinical findings
| colspan="1" rowspan="4"  style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|'''Gold standard'''
! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Additional findings
|-
| colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|'''Symptoms'''
! colspan="3" rowspan="2"  style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Physical examination
|-
! colspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Lab Findings
! colspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Imaging
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Histopathology
|-
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Symptom 1
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Symptom 2
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Symptom 3
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Physical exam 1
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Physical exam 2
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Physical exam 3
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Lab 1
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Lab 2
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Lab 3
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Imaging 1
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Imaging 2
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Imaging 3
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Differential Diagnosis 1
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Differential Diagnosis 2
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Differential Diagnosis 3
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
|- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
!Diseases
!Symptom 1
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Symptom 2
!Symptom 3
!Physical exam 1
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Physical exam 2
!Physical exam 3
!Lab 1
!Lab 2
!Lab 3
!Imaging 1
!Imaging 2
!Imaging 3
!Histopathology
|'''Gold standard'''
!Additional findings
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Differential Diagnosis 4
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Differential Diagnosis 5
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Differential Diagnosis 6
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
|}


Possible hearing and visual impairments should be ruled out in diagnosing intellectual disability. <ref name="PatelApple2018">{{cite journal|last1=Patel|first1=Dilip R.|last2=Apple|first2=Roger|last3=Kanungo|first3=Shibani|last4=Akkal|first4=Ashley|title=Intellectual disability: definitions, evaluation and principles of treatment|journal=Pediatric Medicine|volume=1|year=2018|pages=11–11|issn=26175428|doi=10.21037/pm.2018.12.02}}</ref> <ref>{{cite journal|title=Neurodevelopmental Disorders|year=2013|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm01}}</ref>


== Differential Diagnosis ==
== Differential Diagnosis ==
 
*[[Neurocognitive]] disorders <ref>{{cite journal|title=Neurodevelopmental Disorders|year=2013|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm01}}</ref>
In alphabetical order.<ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref><ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref><ref>{{cite book | title = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 | publisher = American Psychiatric Association | location = Washington, D.C | year = 2013 | isbn = 0890425558 }}</ref>
*Communication Disorder <ref>{{cite journal|title=Neurodevelopmental Disorders|year=2013|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm01}}</ref>
 
* [[Specific Learning]] Disorder <ref>{{cite journal|title=Neurodevelopmental Disorders|year=2013|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm01}}</ref>
* Adrenoleukodystrophy
* [[Autism Spectrum Disorder]] <ref>{{cite journal|title=Neurodevelopmental Disorders|year=2013|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm01}}</ref>
* [[Angelman Syndrome]]
*[[Down Syndrome]] <ref>{{cite journal|title=Neurodevelopmental Disorders|year=2013|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm01}}</ref>
* Autism spectrum disorder
*[[DiGeorge Syndrome]] <ref>{{cite journal|title=Neurodevelopmental Disorders|year=2013|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm01}}</ref>
* Communication disorders and specific learning disorder
* Congenital hypothyroidism
* [[Cri du chat syndrome]]
* [[Cytomegalovirus]]
* Deprivation syndrome
* [[Down's Syndrome]]
* [[Encephalitis]]
* [[Fragile X syndrome]]
* Galactosemia
* High bilirubin levels in babies
* [[HIV]] infection
* [[Hunter syndrome]]
* [[Hurler syndrome]]
* [[Ddx:Hypoglycemia|Hypoglycemia]]
* Idiopathic
* [[Ddx:Intracranial Bleeding|Intracranial hemorrhage]]
* Intrauterine exposure to toxins
* Lack of oxygen
* [[Lesch-Nyhan's syndrome]]
* Listeriosis
* Low socioeconomic status
* Major and mild neurocognitive disorders
* [[Meningitis]]
* Metachromatic leukodystrophy
* Phenylketonuria
* [[Prader-Willi Syndrome]]
* [[Rett Syndrome]]
* [[Reye's Syndrome]]
* [[Rubella]]
* [[Sanfilippo syndrome]]
* [[Toxoplasmosis]]
* Trauma after birth
* Trauma before birth
* Trauma during birth
* [[Tuberous Sclerosis]]


== References ==
== References ==

Latest revision as of 02:11, 29 July 2021

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chelsea Mae Nobleza, M.D.[2]

Overview

Intellectual disability must be differentiated from other diseases that cause cognitive deficits such as neurocognitive disorders or brain injury, specific learning disorders, or genetic conditions that are characterized by mental retardation.

Differentiating Mental Retardation from other Diseases

  1. Neurocognitive disorders – there is loss of cognitive functioning in these cases.
  2. Specific learning disorder and language disorders – compared to individuals with ID, these individuals have deficits in communication and learning aspects but with normal intellect and adaptive function.
  3. Autism spectrum disorder – social development and language deficits are the hallmark of autism spectrum patients and have normal motor development.

Possible hearing and visual impairments should be ruled out in diagnosing intellectual disability. [1] [2]

Differential Diagnosis

References

  1. ↑ Patel, Dilip R.; Apple, Roger; Kanungo, Shibani; Akkal, Ashley (2018). "Intellectual disability: definitions, evaluation and principles of treatment". Pediatric Medicine. 1: 11–11. doi:10.21037/pm.2018.12.02. ISSN 2617-5428.
  2. ↑ "Neurodevelopmental Disorders". 2013. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm01.
  3. ↑ "Neurodevelopmental Disorders". 2013. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm01.
  4. ↑ "Neurodevelopmental Disorders". 2013. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm01.
  5. ↑ "Neurodevelopmental Disorders". 2013. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm01.
  6. ↑ "Neurodevelopmental Disorders". 2013. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm01.
  7. ↑ "Neurodevelopmental Disorders". 2013. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm01.
  8. ↑ "Neurodevelopmental Disorders". 2013. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm01.

Template:WH

Template:WS

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Mental_retardation_differential_diagnosis&oldid=1708888"