Multiple myeloma causes: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 22:46, 29 July 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [2] Shyam Patel [3]

Overview

The causes of multiple myeloma include sporadic mutations, such as TP53 mutation, and inherited predisposition.

Causes

Common causes

The causes of multiple myeloma include:

Mutations in the tumor suppressor TP53 (most common)
Sporadic mutations and genetic predisposition
Mutations in tumor suppressors or oncogenes
Chromosomal aberrations such as translocations can trigger the onset of malignancy and allow for uncontrolled plasma cell proliferation.^[1]

Less common causes

Familial causes are less contributory to the development of multiple myeloma compared to sporadic causes.^[1]

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	Mutations in the tumor suppressor TP53, sporadic mutations and genetic predisposition, mutations in tumor suppressors or oncogenes, chromosomal aberrations such as translocations, familial inheritance
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

List the causes of the multiple myeloma in alphabetical order:

Chromosomal aberrations
Familial inheritance
Mutations in oncogenes
Mutations in the tumor suppressor TP53
Mutations in tumor suppressors
Translocations

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Rajkumar SV (2016). "Multiple myeloma: 2016 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management". Am J Hematol. 91 (7): 719–34. doi:10.1002/ajh.24402. PMC 5291298. PMID 27291302.

[pmid27291302-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Rajkumar SV (2016). "Multiple myeloma: 2016 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management". Am J Hematol. 91 (7): 719–34. doi:10.1002/ajh.24402. PMC 5291298. PMID 27291302.

[1]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+__NOTOC__
 {{Multiple myeloma}}
-{{CMG}} {{AE}}{{HL}}
+{{CMG}} {{AE}}{{HL}} {{shyam}}
 ==Overview==
-Scientists still do not know exactly causes of multiple myeloma. However, they have made progress in understanding how certain changes in DNA can make plasma cells become cancerous. DNA is the chemical that carries the instructions for nearly everything our cells do.
+The causes of multiple myeloma include sporadic mutations, such as ''TP53'' mutation, and inherited predisposition.
-* Some genes (parts of our DNA) contain instructions for controlling when our cells grow and divide. These genes that promote cell growth are called '''oncogenes'''.
-* Others genes that slow down cell growth or make cells die at the right time are called '''tumor suppressor genes'''.
-Cancers can be caused by mistakes, or defects, in the DNA called '''mutations''' that turn on oncogenes or turn off tumor suppressor genes.
-Recent studies have found that abnormalities of some oncogenes (such as ''MYC'') develop early in the course of plasma cell tumors. Changes in other oncogenes (such as the ''RAS'' genes) are more often found in myeloma cells in the bone marrow after treatment, and changes in tumor suppressor genes (such as the gene for ''p53'') are associated with spread to other organs.
+==Causes==
+===Common causes===
+The causes of multiple myeloma include:
+*Mutations in the tumor suppressor ''TP53'' (most common)
+*Sporadic mutations and genetic predisposition
+*Mutations in tumor suppressors or oncogenes
+*Chromosomal aberrations such as translocations can trigger the onset of malignancy and allow for uncontrolled plasma cell proliferation.<ref name="pmid27291302">{{cite journal| author=Rajkumar SV| title=Multiple myeloma: 2016 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management. | journal=Am J Hematol | year= 2016 | volume= 91 | issue= 7 | pages= 719-34 | pmid=27291302 | doi=10.1002/ajh.24402 | pmc=5291298 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27291302  }} </ref>
+===Less common causes===
+* Familial causes are less contributory to the development of multiple myeloma compared to sporadic causes.<ref name="pmid27291302">{{cite journal| author=Rajkumar SV| title=Multiple myeloma: 2016 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management. | journal=Am J Hematol | year= 2016 | volume= 91 | issue= 7 | pages= 719-34 | pmid=27291302 | doi=10.1002/ajh.24402 | pmc=5291298 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27291302  }} </ref>
-Myeloma cells also show abnormalities in their chromosomes. In human cells, DNA is packaged into chromosomes. Although normal human cells contain 46 chromosomes, some cancer cells may have extra chromosomes (called a duplication) or have all or part of a chromosome missing (called a deletion). One  common finding in myeloma cells is that parts of chromosome number 17 are missing. These deletions appear to make the myeloma more aggressive and resistant to treatment.
+===Causes by Organ System===
-In about half of all people with myeloma, part of one chromosome has switched with part of another chromosome in the myeloma cells. This is called a translocation. When this occurs in a crucial area next to an oncogene, it can turn the oncogene on.
+{| style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
+| style="width:25%" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" ; border="1" |'''Cardiovascular'''
+| style="width:75%" bgcolor="Beige" ; border="1" | No underlying causes
+|-
+| bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Dental'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Dermatologic'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Drug Side Effect'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Endocrine'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Environmental'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Gastroenterologic'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Genetic'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" |Mutations in the tumor suppressor ''TP53, s''poradic mutations and genetic predisposition, mutations in tumor suppressors or oncogenes, chromosomal aberrations such as translocations, familial inheritance
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Hematologic'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Iatrogenic'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Infectious Disease'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Neurologic'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Oncologic'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Ophthalmologic'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Psychiatric'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Pulmonary'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Sexual'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Trauma'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Urologic'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Miscellaneous'''
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|}
-Researchers have found that patients with plasma cell tumors have important abnormalities in other bone marrow cells and that these abnormalities may also cause excess plasma cell growth. Certain cells in the bone marrow called '''dendritic cells''' release a hormone called interleukin-6 (IL-6), which stimulates normal plasma cells to grow. Excessive production of IL-6 by these cells appears to be an important factor in development of plasma cell tumors.
+===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
+List the causes of the multiple myeloma in alphabetical order:
+<div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;">
+* Chromosomal aberrations
+* Familial inheritance
+* Mutations in oncogenes
+* Mutations in the tumor suppressor TP53
+* Mutations in tumor suppressors
+* Translocations
+</div>
-==Causes==
+==References==
+{{Reflist|2}}
-== References ==
+[[Category:Medicine]]
-{{reflist|2}}
-[[Category:Disease]]
-[[Category:Types of cancer]]
 [[Category:Hematology]]
-[[Category:Needs content]]
-{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
-{{WikiDoc Sources}}
- [[Category:Up-To-Date]]
-[[Category:Oncology]]
-[[Category:Medicine]]
 [[Category:Neurology]]
 [[Category:Neurosurgery]]
+[[Category:Oncology]]
+[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
+[[Category:Surgery]]