Statin induced myopathy risk factors: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
Several risk factors predispose to [[statin induced myopathy]]. Some of the intrinsic risk factors are advanced age, genetic predisposition, [[diabetes]], [[hypertension]], [[hypothyroidism]] and renal diseases. Other extrinsic factors play a role in [[statin induced myopathy]], including [[alcohol]] consumption, [[vitamin D deficiency]], excessive exercise, trauma or concomitant use of other drugs like [[fibrates]] mainly [[gemfibrosil]], [[protease inhibitors]] and [[macrolide|macrolide antibiotics]].<ref name="pmid19217515">{{cite journal| author=Venero CV, Thompson PD| title=Managing statin myopathy. | journal=Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am | year= 2009 | volume= 38 | issue= 1 | pages= 121-36 | pmid=19217515 | doi=10.1016/j.ecl.2008.11.002 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19217515  }} </ref><ref name="pmid20628837">{{cite journal| author=Harper CR, Jacobson TA| title=Evidence-based management of statin myopathy. | journal=Curr Atheroscler Rep | year= 2010 | volume= 12 | issue= 5 | pages= 322-30 | pmid=20628837 | doi=10.1007/s11883-010-0120-9 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20628837  }} </ref><ref name="toth">Toth PP, Harper CR, Jacobson TA: Clinical characterization and molecular mechanisms of statin myopathy. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2008, 6:955–969</ref>


==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==
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*[[Antigunfals|Azole antifungals]]
*[[Antigunfals|Azole antifungals]]
*[[Cyclosporins]]
*[[Cyclosporins]]
*[[Fibrates]] particularly [[gemfibrozil]] (Cerivastatin in combination with [[gemfibrosil]])<ref name="pmid11758079">{{cite journal| author=Hamilton-Craig I| title=Statin-associated myopathy. | journal=Med J Aust | year= 2001 | volume= 175 | issue= 9| pages= 486-9 | pmid=11758079 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11758079  }} </ref>
*[[Fibrates]] particularly [[gemfibrozil]] (cerivastatin in combination with [[gemfibrosil]])<ref name="pmid11758079">{{cite journal| author=Hamilton-Craig I| title=Statin-associated myopathy. | journal=Med J Aust | year= 2001 | volume= 175 | issue= 9| pages= 486-9 | pmid=11758079 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11758079  }} </ref>
*Grapefruit juice (> 1quart/day)
*Grapefruit juice
*Heavy [[exercise]]
*Heavy [[exercise]]
*High dose of [[statin]]<ref name="pmid20628837">{{cite journal| author=Harper CR, Jacobson TA| title=Evidence-based management of statin myopathy. | journal=Curr Atheroscler Rep | year= 2010 | volume= 12 | issue= 5 | pages= 322-30 | pmid=20628837 | doi=10.1007/s11883-010-0120-9 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20628837  }} </ref>
*High dose of [[statins]]<ref name="pmid20628837">{{cite journal| author=Harper CR, Jacobson TA| title=Evidence-based management of statin myopathy. | journal=Curr Atheroscler Rep | year= 2010 | volume= 12 | issue= 5 | pages= 322-30 | pmid=20628837 | doi=10.1007/s11883-010-0120-9 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20628837  }} </ref>
*[[Macrolide]] [[antibiotics]]
*[[Macrolide]] [[antibiotics]]
*Major trauma<ref name="pmid11758079">{{cite journal| author=Hamilton-Craig I| title=Statin-associated myopathy. | journal=Med J Aust | year= 2001 | volume= 175 | issue= 9 | pages= 486-9 | pmid=11758079 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11758079  }} </ref>
*Major trauma<ref name="pmid11758079">{{cite journal| author=Hamilton-Craig I| title=Statin-associated myopathy. | journal=Med J Aust | year= 2001 | volume= 175 | issue= 9 | pages= 486-9 | pmid=11758079 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11758079  }} </ref>

Latest revision as of 20:49, 1 December 2012

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rim Halaby

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Overview

Several risk factors predispose to statin induced myopathy. Some of the intrinsic risk factors are advanced age, genetic predisposition, diabetes, hypertension, hypothyroidism and renal diseases. Other extrinsic factors play a role in statin induced myopathy, including alcohol consumption, vitamin D deficiency, excessive exercise, trauma or concomitant use of other drugs like fibrates mainly gemfibrosil, protease inhibitors and macrolide antibiotics.[1][2][3]

Risk Factors

Intrinsic Risk Factors

Extrinsic Risk Factors

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Venero CV, Thompson PD (2009). "Managing statin myopathy". Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 38 (1): 121–36. doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2008.11.002. PMID 19217515.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Harper CR, Jacobson TA (2010). "Evidence-based management of statin myopathy". Curr Atheroscler Rep. 12 (5): 322–30. doi:10.1007/s11883-010-0120-9. PMID 20628837.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Toth PP, Harper CR, Jacobson TA: Clinical characterization and molecular mechanisms of statin myopathy. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2008, 6:955–969
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 Hamilton-Craig I (2001). "Statin-associated myopathy". Med J Aust. 175 (9): 486–9. PMID 11758079.