Incidentaloma epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
(Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Incidentaloma}} {{CMG}}; {{AE}} ==Overview== ==Epidemiology and Demographics== ===Incidence=== *The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [num...")
 
 
(12 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 2: Line 2:
{{Incidentaloma}}
{{Incidentaloma}}


{{CMG}}; {{AE}}  
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MAD}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
The [[Prevalence]] of clinically inapparent [[Adrenal gland|adrenal]] masses (≥1 cm in diameter) in adults was estimated to be between 1 and 6%. The vast majority of [[Adrenal incidentaloma|adrenal incidentalomas]] are [[Nonfunctioning adenoma|nonfunctioning]] [[benign tumors]]. The [[prevalence]] of adrenal incidentalomas increases with [[age]] especially in [[Obesity|obese]], [[diabetic]], and [[Hypertension|hypertensive]] patients. There is no [[racial]] or [[Gender, Institutions and Development Data Base|gender]] predilection to [[adrenal incidentaloma]].


==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
===Incidence===
===Incidence and Prevalence===
*The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
*In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.


===Prevalence===
*[[Incidence|The incidence]] and [[prevalence]] of [[adrenal incidentaloma]] can only be [[assessed]] from [[Imaging studies|imaging]] or [[autopsy]] studies.
*The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
 
*In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
*The [[prevalence]] of [[adrenal incidentaloma]] in adults was estimated to be between 1 and 6%, with a peak [[prevalence]] of  (≤7%) reported in the 5th to 7th decades. .<ref name="pmid31786909">{{cite journal| author=Dietrich CF, Correas JM, Dong Y, Nolsoe C, Westerway SC, Jenssen C| title=WFUMB position paper on the management incidental findings: adrenal incidentaloma. | journal=Ultrasonography | year= 2020 | volume= 39 | issue= 1 | pages= 11-21 | pmid=31786909 | doi=10.14366/usg.19029 | pmc=6920619 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=31786909  }}</ref><ref name="pmid32266384">{{cite journal| author=Sherlock M, Scarsbrook A, Abbas A, Fraser S, Limumpornpetch P, Dineen R | display-authors=etal| title=Adrenal Incidentaloma. | journal=Endocr Rev | year= 2020 | volume= 41 | issue= 6 | pages=  | pmid=32266384 | doi=10.1210/endrev/bnaa008 | pmc=7431180 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=32266384  }}</ref>
*The prevalence of [disease/malignancy] is estimated to be [number] cases annually.
*The recent development in [[imaging]] and [[diagnostic]] modalities has been associated with an increase in the [[prevalence]] of [[adrenal incidentaloma]].
*The vast majority of adrenal incidentalomas are [[Nonfunctioning adenoma|nonfunctioning]] [[benign tumors]]; of which the nonfunctioning cortical adenomas are constituting about 75%.<ref name="pmid145143412">{{cite journal| author=Barzon L, Sonino N, Fallo F, Palu G, Boscaro M| title=Prevalence and natural history of adrenal incidentalomas. | journal=Eur J Endocrinol | year= 2003 | volume= 149 | issue= 4 | pages= 273-85 | pmid=14514341 | doi=10.1530/eje.0.1490273 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14514341  }}</ref><ref name="pmid106908692">{{cite journal| author=Mantero F, Terzolo M, Arnaldi G, Osella G, Masini AM, Alì A | display-authors=etal| title=A survey on adrenal incidentaloma in Italy. Study Group on Adrenal Tumors of the Italian Society of Endocrinology. | journal=J Clin Endocrinol Metab | year= 2000 | volume= 85 | issue= 2 | pages= 637-44 | pmid=10690869 | doi=10.1210/jcem.85.2.6372 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10690869  }}</ref><ref name="pmid11849252">{{cite journal| author=Lam KY, Lo CY| title=Metastatic tumours of the adrenal glands: a 30-year experience in a teaching hospital. | journal=Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) | year= 2002 | volume= 56 | issue= 1 | pages= 95-101 | pmid=11849252 | doi=10.1046/j.0300-0664.2001.01435.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11849252  }}</ref>
*The [[functional tumors]] represent about 14% of  [[Adrenal incidentaloma|adrenal incidentalomas]] which may release [[cortisol]], [[aldosterone]], or both in rare occasions.  
*[[Prevalence]] of [[pheochromocytoma]] is 4–7% of incidentalomas.<ref name="pmid9167966">{{cite journal| author=Mantero F, Masini AM, Opocher G, Giovagnetti M, Arnaldi G| title=Adrenal incidentaloma: an overview of hormonal data from the National Italian Study Group. | journal=Horm Res | year= 1997 | volume= 47 | issue= 4-6 | pages= 284-9 | pmid=9167966 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9167966  }}</ref>
*[[Prevalence]] of [[hyperaldosteronism]] is 1.1 to 10%.<ref name="pmid26934393">{{cite journal| author=Funder JW, Carey RM, Mantero F, Murad MH, Reincke M, Shibata H et al.| title=The Management of Primary Aldosteronism: Case Detection, Diagnosis, and Treatment: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. | journal=J Clin Endocrinol Metab | year= 2016 | volume= 101 | issue= 5 | pages= 1889-916 | pmid=26934393 | doi=10.1210/jc.2015-4061 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26934393  }}</ref>
*The [[incidence]] of primary adrenal [[carcinoma]] or [[Metastasis|metastases]] in patients with [[Adrenal gland|adrenal]] incidentaloma is approximately 4%.<ref name="pmid27390021">{{cite journal| author=Fassnacht M, Arlt W, Bancos I, Dralle H, Newell-Price J, Sahdev A | display-authors=etal| title=Management of adrenal incidentalomas: European Society of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline in collaboration with the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors. | journal=Eur J Endocrinol | year= 2016 | volume= 175 | issue= 2 | pages= G1-G34 | pmid=27390021 | doi=10.1530/EJE-16-0467 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27390021  }}</ref>
*The risk of [[malignancy]] over time for [[Mass|masses]] defined as [[benign]] at diagnosis is estimated at about 1/1000, even though 5-25% of masses increase in size during follow-up.<ref name="pmid14514341">{{cite journal| author=Barzon L, Sonino N, Fallo F, Palu G, Boscaro M| title=Prevalence and natural history of adrenal incidentalomas. | journal=Eur J Endocrinol | year= 2003 | volume= 149 | issue= 4 | pages= 273-85 | pmid=14514341 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14514341  }}</ref>
*[[Hyperfunction]] develops in about 1.7% of cases and the risk is higher in patients with lesions larger than 3 cm.<ref name="pmid14514341" />
*The [[prevalence]] is higher in [[Obesity|obese]], [[diabetic]], and [[Hypertension|hypertensive]] patients.<ref name="pmid12614096">{{cite journal| author=Grumbach MM, Biller BM, Braunstein GD, Campbell KK, Carney JA, Godley PA et al.| title=Management of the clinically inapparent adrenal mass ("incidentaloma"). | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 2003 | volume= 138 | issue= 5 | pages= 424-9 | pmid=12614096 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12614096  }}</ref>


===Case-fatality rate===
*In [year], the incidence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate of [number range]%.
*The case-fatality rate of [disease name] is approximately [number range].
===Age===
===Age===
*Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
 
*The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.
*The [[prevalence]] of adrenal incidentalomas increases with [[Ageing|age]]. It is less than 1% in patients younger than 30 yr of age and up to 7% in patients over age 70.<ref name="pmid12614096" /><ref name="pmid15082524">{{cite journal| author=Mansmann G, Lau J, Balk E, Rothberg M, Miyachi Y, Bornstein SR| title=The clinically inapparent adrenal mass: update in diagnosis and management. | journal=Endocr Rev | year= 2004 | volume= 25 | issue= 2 | pages= 309-40 | pmid=15082524 | doi=10.1210/er.2002-0031 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15082524  }}</ref>
*[Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.  
*In childhood, [[Adrenal gland|adrenal]] incidentalomas are extremely rare.
*[Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].
*[[Adrenal incidentaloma]] is more common in older patients.
*[Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].


===Race===
===Race===
*There is no racial predilection to [disease name].
*[Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race. [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
===Gender===
*[Disease name] affects men and women equally.
*[Gender 1] are more commonly affected by [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
===Region===
*The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].


*[Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].
*There is no [[racial]] predilection to [[adrenal incidentaloma]].
 
===Developed Countries===
 
===Developing Countries===


===Gender===


*There is no [[Gender-neutral|gender]] predilection to [[adrenal incidentaloma]].


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 06:31, 8 May 2021

Incidentaloma Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Incidentaloma from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X-ray

Echocardiography and Ultrasound

CT scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Incidentaloma epidemiology and demographics On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Incidentaloma epidemiology and demographics

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Incidentaloma epidemiology and demographics

CDC on Incidentaloma epidemiology and demographics

Incidentaloma epidemiology and demographics in the news

Blogs on Incidentaloma epidemiology and demographics

Directions to Hospitals Treating Psoriasis

Risk calculators and risk factors for Incidentaloma epidemiology and demographics

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohammed Abdelwahed M.D[2]

Overview

The Prevalence of clinically inapparent adrenal masses (≥1 cm in diameter) in adults was estimated to be between 1 and 6%. The vast majority of adrenal incidentalomas are nonfunctioning benign tumors. The prevalence of adrenal incidentalomas increases with age especially in obese, diabetic, and hypertensive patients. There is no racial or gender predilection to adrenal incidentaloma.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Incidence and Prevalence

Age

  • The prevalence of adrenal incidentalomas increases with age. It is less than 1% in patients younger than 30 yr of age and up to 7% in patients over age 70.[10][11]
  • In childhood, adrenal incidentalomas are extremely rare.
  • Adrenal incidentaloma is more common in older patients.

Race

Gender

References

  1. ↑ Dietrich CF, Correas JM, Dong Y, Nolsoe C, Westerway SC, Jenssen C (2020). "WFUMB position paper on the management incidental findings: adrenal incidentaloma". Ultrasonography. 39 (1): 11–21. doi:10.14366/usg.19029. PMC 6920619 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 31786909.
  2. ↑ Sherlock M, Scarsbrook A, Abbas A, Fraser S, Limumpornpetch P, Dineen R; et al. (2020). "Adrenal Incidentaloma". Endocr Rev. 41 (6). doi:10.1210/endrev/bnaa008. PMC 7431180 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 32266384 Check |pmid= value (help).
  3. ↑ Barzon L, Sonino N, Fallo F, Palu G, Boscaro M (2003). "Prevalence and natural history of adrenal incidentalomas". Eur J Endocrinol. 149 (4): 273–85. doi:10.1530/eje.0.1490273. PMID 14514341.
  4. ↑ Mantero F, Terzolo M, Arnaldi G, Osella G, Masini AM, Alì A; et al. (2000). "A survey on adrenal incidentaloma in Italy. Study Group on Adrenal Tumors of the Italian Society of Endocrinology". J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 85 (2): 637–44. doi:10.1210/jcem.85.2.6372. PMID 10690869.
  5. ↑ Lam KY, Lo CY (2002). "Metastatic tumours of the adrenal glands: a 30-year experience in a teaching hospital". Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 56 (1): 95–101. doi:10.1046/j.0300-0664.2001.01435.x. PMID 11849252.
  6. ↑ Mantero F, Masini AM, Opocher G, Giovagnetti M, Arnaldi G (1997). "Adrenal incidentaloma: an overview of hormonal data from the National Italian Study Group". Horm Res. 47 (4–6): 284–9. PMID 9167966.
  7. ↑ Funder JW, Carey RM, Mantero F, Murad MH, Reincke M, Shibata H; et al. (2016). "The Management of Primary Aldosteronism: Case Detection, Diagnosis, and Treatment: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline". J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 101 (5): 1889–916. doi:10.1210/jc.2015-4061. PMID 26934393.
  8. ↑ Fassnacht M, Arlt W, Bancos I, Dralle H, Newell-Price J, Sahdev A; et al. (2016). "Management of adrenal incidentalomas: European Society of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline in collaboration with the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors". Eur J Endocrinol. 175 (2): G1–G34. doi:10.1530/EJE-16-0467. PMID 27390021.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Barzon L, Sonino N, Fallo F, Palu G, Boscaro M (2003). "Prevalence and natural history of adrenal incidentalomas". Eur J Endocrinol. 149 (4): 273–85. PMID 14514341.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Grumbach MM, Biller BM, Braunstein GD, Campbell KK, Carney JA, Godley PA; et al. (2003). "Management of the clinically inapparent adrenal mass ("incidentaloma")". Ann Intern Med. 138 (5): 424–9. PMID 12614096.
  11. ↑ Mansmann G, Lau J, Balk E, Rothberg M, Miyachi Y, Bornstein SR (2004). "The clinically inapparent adrenal mass: update in diagnosis and management". Endocr Rev. 25 (2): 309–40. doi:10.1210/er.2002-0031. PMID 15082524.

Template:WH Template:WS

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Incidentaloma_epidemiology_and_demographics&oldid=1700308"