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{{Seizure}} | {{Seizure}} | ||
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Some of the preventable [[etiologies]] for [[epilepsy]] that should be considered in [[primary prevention]] include [[Central nervous system |central nervous system (CNS)]] infection, [[CNS]] [[parasitosis]], [[prenatal]] and [[perinatal]] [[brain]] insults, [[stroke]], and [[Traumatic brain injury|traumatic brain injury (TBI)]]. Some factors that can precipitate or provoke seizure may include [[chronic]] [[sleep deprivation]], [[alcohol]] use, illicit [[drug]] use, some [[medications]] that reduce the seizure threshold, [[toxins]], [[homeostasis]] [[abnormalities]] due to [[organ failure]], [[metabolic]] [[abnormalities]], and [[medical]] and [[surgical]] histories that may be important in assessing the [[patient]]’s risk for future seizures. | |||
==Primary Prevention== | ==Primary Prevention== | ||
Some of the preventable [[etiologies]] for [[epilepsy]] that should be considered in [[primary prevention]] include:<ref name="pmid29637551">{{cite journal| author=Thurman DJ, Begley CE, Carpio A, Helmers S, Hesdorffer DC, Mu J | display-authors=etal| title=The primary prevention of epilepsy: A report of the Prevention Task Force of the International League Against Epilepsy. | journal=Epilepsia | year= 2018 | volume= 59 | issue= 5 | pages= 905-914 | pmid=29637551 | doi=10.1111/epi.14068 | pmc=7004820 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29637551 }} </ref> | |||
* [[Central nervous system |Central nervous system (CNS)]] infection | |||
* | ** [[Meningitis]] | ||
* | ** [[Encephalitis]] | ||
* [[CNS]] [[parasitosis]] | |||
** [[Neurocysticercosis|Neurocysticercosis (NCC)]] | |||
** Cerebral [[malaria]] | |||
** [[Onchocerciasis]] | |||
* [[Prenatal]] and [[perinatal]] [[brain]] insults | |||
* [[Stroke]] | |||
* [[Traumatic brain injury|Traumatic brain injury (TBI)]] | |||
Factors that can precipitate or provoke seizure may include:<ref name="Pohlmann-Eden Legg 2013 pp. 61–67">{{cite journal | last=Pohlmann-Eden | first=Bernd | last2=Legg | first2=Karen T. | title=Treatment of first seizure in adults: A comprehensive approach integrating 10 key principles | journal=Epileptology | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=1 | issue=1 | year=2013 | issn=2212-8220 | doi=10.1016/j.epilep.2013.01.005 | pages=61–67}}</ref><ref name="pmid9717943">{{cite journal| author=Delanty N, Vaughan CJ, French JA| title=Medical causes of seizures. | journal=Lancet | year= 1998 | volume= 352 | issue= 9125 | pages= 383-90 | pmid=9717943 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(98)02158-8 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9717943 }} </ref><ref name="pmid28027373">{{cite journal| author=Gavvala JR, Schuele SU| title=New-Onset Seizure in Adults and Adolescents: A Review. | journal=JAMA | year= 2016 | volume= 316 | issue= 24 | pages= 2657-2668 | pmid=28027373 | doi=10.1001/jama.2016.18625 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28027373 }} </ref> | |||
* | * [[Chronic]] [[sleep deprivation]] | ||
* [[Alcohol]] use | |||
* Illicit [[drug]] use | |||
* Some [[medications]] that reduce the seizure threshold such as: | |||
** [[Bupropion]] | |||
** [[Cephalosporins]] | |||
** [[Clozapine]] | |||
** [[Fluoroquinolones]] | |||
** [[Tramadol]] | |||
* [[Toxins]] | |||
* [[Homeostasis]] [[abnormalities]] due to [[organ failure]] | |||
* [[Metabolic]] [[abnormalities]] | |||
* [[Medical]] and [[surgical]] histories that may be important in assessing the [[patient]]’s risk for future seizures, such as: | |||
** [[Childhood]] development (such as [[delivery]] [[complications]]) | |||
** History of [[central nervous system|central nervous system (CNS)]] [[infections]], [[diseases]], or [[surgeries]] | |||
** History of [[head]] injuries (especially if there were loss of [[consciousness]]) | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Neurology]] | |||
[[Category:Epilepsy]] | |||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | |||
Latest revision as of 15:09, 21 April 2021
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shakiba Hassanzadeh, MD[2]
Overview
Some of the preventable etiologies for epilepsy that should be considered in primary prevention include central nervous system (CNS) infection, CNS parasitosis, prenatal and perinatal brain insults, stroke, and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Some factors that can precipitate or provoke seizure may include chronic sleep deprivation, alcohol use, illicit drug use, some medications that reduce the seizure threshold, toxins, homeostasis abnormalities due to organ failure, metabolic abnormalities, and medical and surgical histories that may be important in assessing the patient’s risk for future seizures.
Primary Prevention
Some of the preventable etiologies for epilepsy that should be considered in primary prevention include:[1]
- Central nervous system (CNS) infection
- CNS parasitosis
- Prenatal and perinatal brain insults
- Stroke
- Traumatic brain injury (TBI)
Factors that can precipitate or provoke seizure may include:[2][3][4]
- Chronic sleep deprivation
- Alcohol use
- Illicit drug use
- Some medications that reduce the seizure threshold such as:
- Toxins
- Homeostasis abnormalities due to organ failure
- Metabolic abnormalities
- Medical and surgical histories that may be important in assessing the patient’s risk for future seizures, such as:
- Childhood development (such as delivery complications)
- History of central nervous system (CNS) infections, diseases, or surgeries
- History of head injuries (especially if there were loss of consciousness)
References
- ↑ Thurman DJ, Begley CE, Carpio A, Helmers S, Hesdorffer DC, Mu J; et al. (2018). "The primary prevention of epilepsy: A report of the Prevention Task Force of the International League Against Epilepsy". Epilepsia. 59 (5): 905–914. doi:10.1111/epi.14068. PMC 7004820 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 29637551. - ↑ Pohlmann-Eden, Bernd; Legg, Karen T. (2013). "Treatment of first seizure in adults: A comprehensive approach integrating 10 key principles". Epileptology. Elsevier BV. 1 (1): 61–67. doi:10.1016/j.epilep.2013.01.005. ISSN 2212-8220.
- ↑ Delanty N, Vaughan CJ, French JA (1998). "Medical causes of seizures". Lancet. 352 (9125): 383–90. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)02158-8. PMID 9717943.
- ↑ Gavvala JR, Schuele SU (2016). "New-Onset Seizure in Adults and Adolescents: A Review". JAMA. 316 (24): 2657–2668. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.18625. PMID 28027373.