Sleep apnea risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The risk factors of sleep apnea include smoking, [[alcohol]], [[sedatives]], [[tranquilizers]], males, a positive family history, certain ethnic backgrounds such as African Americans, and individuals over 60 years | The most common risk factor for the development of sleep apnea is large neck circumference. Other risk factors of sleep apnea include smoking, [[ alcohol]], [[sedatives]], [[tranquilizers]], males, a positive family history, certain ethnic backgrounds such as African Americans, and individuals over 60-65 years. [[Continuous positive airway pressure]] ([[CPAP]]) is a risk factor for complex sleep apnea (also known as mixed sleep apnea). | ||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
The table below lists the risk factors for sleep apnea: | The table below lists the risk factors for sleep apnea: | ||
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| ''' | | '''Physical Characteristics'''||Most common risk factor. Thick neck, obstructed nasal passages, large tongue, narrow airway, receding chin, overbite, certain shapes and increased rigidity of the palate and jaw | ||
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| '''Smoking'''||Smoking may increase the amount of [[inflammation]] and fluid retention in the upper airway | |||
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| '''Male Gender'''||Men are more likely to suffer sleep apnea than women and children are, though it is not uncommon in the last two population groups | | '''Male Gender'''||Men are more likely to suffer sleep apnea than women and children are, though it is not uncommon in the last two population groups | ||
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| ''' | | '''Age'''||Sleep apnea occurs significantly in adults over 60-65 | ||
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===Medical conditions that are risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)=== | |||
Medical conditions that are | |||
*[[Obesity]]<ref name="Young-2004">{{Cite journal | last1 = Young | first1 = T. | last2 = Skatrud | first2 = J. | last3 = Peppard | first3 = PE. | title = Risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea in adults. | journal = JAMA | volume = 291 | issue = 16 | pages = 2013-6 | month = Apr | year = 2004 | doi = 10.1001/jama.291.16.2013 | PMID = 15113821 }}</ref> | *[[Obesity]]<ref name="Young-2004">{{Cite journal | last1 = Young | first1 = T. | last2 = Skatrud | first2 = J. | last3 = Peppard | first3 = PE. | title = Risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea in adults. | journal = JAMA | volume = 291 | issue = 16 | pages = 2013-6 | month = Apr | year = 2004 | doi = 10.1001/jama.291.16.2013 | PMID = 15113821 }}</ref> | ||
:*Obesity is the | :*Obesity is the most common risk factor for OSA | ||
*[[Pregnancy]] | *[[Pregnancy]] | ||
*[[Diabetes]]<ref name="Young2004">{{cite journal|last1=Young|first1=Terry|title=Risk Factors for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults|journal=JAMA|volume=291|issue=16|year=2004|pages=2013|issn=0098-7484|doi=10.1001/jama.291.16.2013}}</ref> | *[[ Diabetes]]<ref name="Young2004">{{cite journal|last1=Young|first1=Terry|title=Risk Factors for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults|journal=JAMA|volume=291|issue=16|year=2004|pages=2013|issn=0098-7484|doi=10.1001/jama.291.16.2013}}</ref> | ||
*[[Polycystic ovary syndrome]] | *[[Polycystic ovary syndrome]] | ||
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*[[Hypertension]]<ref name="Young2004">{{cite journal|last1=Young|first1=Terry|title=Risk Factors for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults|journal=JAMA|volume=291|issue=16|year=2004|pages=2013|issn=0098-7484|doi=10.1001/jama.291.16.2013}}</ref> | *[[Hypertension]]<ref name="Young2004">{{cite journal|last1=Young|first1=Terry|title=Risk Factors for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults|journal=JAMA|volume=291|issue=16|year=2004|pages=2013|issn=0098-7484|doi=10.1001/jama.291.16.2013}}</ref> | ||
* | *Facial deformities | ||
*[[Hypothyroidism]] | *[[Hypothyroidism]] | ||
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:*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]] | :*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]] | ||
===Medical conditions that are risk factors for central sleep apnea (CSA)=== | |||
Medical conditions that are | |||
*[[Bulbar poliomyelitis]] | *[[Bulbar poliomyelitis]] | ||
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*[[Stroke]] | *[[Stroke]] | ||
* | *Problems after cervical spine surgery | ||
*[[Primary hypoventilation syndrome]] | *[[Primary hypoventilation syndrome]] | ||
*[[Brain tumors]] | *[[Brain tumors ]] | ||
*[[Down syndrome]] | *[[Down syndrome]] | ||
Prolonged [[continuous positive airway pressure]] ([[CPAP]]) is a risk factor for complex sleep apnea (also known as mixed sleep apnea) because patients with obstructive sleep apnea may develop central sleep apnea. | |||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
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[[Category: | [[Category:Cardiology]] | ||
[[Category:Pulmonology]] | [[Category:Pulmonology]] | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saarah T. Alkhairy, M.D.
Overview
The most common risk factor for the development of sleep apnea is large neck circumference. Other risk factors of sleep apnea include smoking, alcohol, sedatives, tranquilizers, males, a positive family history, certain ethnic backgrounds such as African Americans, and individuals over 60-65 years. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a risk factor for complex sleep apnea (also known as mixed sleep apnea).
Risk Factors
The table below lists the risk factors for sleep apnea:
| Risk Factor | Description |
| Physical Characteristics | Most common risk factor. Thick neck, obstructed nasal passages, large tongue, narrow airway, receding chin, overbite, certain shapes and increased rigidity of the palate and jaw |
| Smoking | Smoking may increase the amount of inflammation and fluid retention in the upper airway |
| Alcohol | This relaxes the muscles in the throat |
| Sedatives/tranquilizers | This relaxes the muscles in the throat the throat |
| Male Gender | Men are more likely to suffer sleep apnea than women and children are, though it is not uncommon in the last two population groups |
| Genetic Factors | A positive family history may have a higher risk of developing sleep apnea |
| Ethnic Background | African Americans, people of Mexican origin, and Pacific Islanders |
| Age | Sleep apnea occurs significantly in adults over 60-65 |
Medical conditions that are risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
- Obesity is the most common risk factor for OSA
- Facial deformities
- Chronic respiratory tract conditions such as:
Medical conditions that are risk factors for central sleep apnea (CSA)
- Problems after cervical spine surgery
Prolonged continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a risk factor for complex sleep apnea (also known as mixed sleep apnea) because patients with obstructive sleep apnea may develop central sleep apnea.
References
- ↑ Young, T.; Skatrud, J.; Peppard, PE. (2004). "Risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea in adults". JAMA. 291 (16): 2013–6. doi:10.1001/jama.291.16.2013. PMID 15113821. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Young, Terry (2004). "Risk Factors for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults". JAMA. 291 (16): 2013. doi:10.1001/jama.291.16.2013. ISSN 0098-7484.