Neonatal jaundice causes: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Neonatal jaundice is caused by hemolysis of the RBCs mainly due to either intravascular causes or extravascular causes. Other causes include | Neonatal jaundice is caused by [[hemolysis]] of the [[RBCs]] mainly due to either [[intravascular]] causes or extravascular causes. Other causes include non-hemolytic causes such as [[cephalosporin]] induced [[jaundice]], [[genetic mutations]] of the [[UGT1A1|UGT enzyme]], and [[Hepatic|hepatic causes]]. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
=== Common causes === | === Common causes === | ||
* Common causes of neonatal jaundice include the following: | * Common causes of neonatal jaundice include the following:<ref>{{cite journal|last=Poland|first=R L|coauthors=Schultz GE, Gayatri G|title=High milk lipase activity associated with breastmilk jaundice.|journal=Pediatr Res|year=1980|volume=14|pages=1328–31}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Murphy|first=J F|coauthors=Hughes I, Verrier Jones ER, Gaskell S, Pike AW.|title=Pregnanediols and breast-milk jaundice.|journal=Arch Dis Child|year=1981|volume=56|pages=474–76}}</ref> | ||
** Increase bilirubin production due to hemolysis. Hemolytic causes include | ** Increase bilirubin production due to hemolysis. Hemolytic causes include: | ||
*** Intrinsic causes of hemolysis | *** '''Intrinsic causes of hemolysis''' | ||
****[[Spherocytosis]] | |||
****[[Hereditary elliptocytosis]] | |||
***'''Systemic contitions''' | |||
****[[Splenomegaly]] | |||
****[[Sepsis]] | |||
****[[Arteriovenous malformation]] | |||
***'''Enzyme conditions''' | |||
****[[Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]] (also called [[G6PD deficiency]]) | |||
****[[Pyruvate kinase deficiency]] | |||
***'''Globin synthesis defect''' | |||
****[[Alpha-thalassemia]] | |||
***'''Extrinsic causes of hemolysis''' | |||
****[[Alloimmunity]] (The neonatal or [[cord blood]] gives a positive [[Coombs test#Direct Coombs test|direct Coombs test]] and the maternal blood gives a positive [[Coombs test#Indirect Coombs est|indirect Coombs test]]) | |||
****[[Hemolytic disease of the newborn (ABO)]] | |||
****[[Rh disease]] | |||
* | === Less common causes === | ||
** | * Less common causes of neonatal jaundice include the following disorders:<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kumral|first=A|coauthors=Ozkan H, Duman N, et al.|title=Breast milk jaundice correlates with high levels of epidermal growth factor|journal=Pediatr Res|year=2009|volume=66|pages=218–21}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Arias|first=IM|coauthors=Gartner LM, Seifter S, Furman M|title=Prolonged neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia associated with breast feeding and a steroid, pregnane-3(alpha), 20(beta)-diol in maternal milk that inhibits glucuronide formation in vitro.|journal=J Clin Invest|year=1964|volume=43|pages=2037–47}}</ref> | ||
* | ** '''Non-hemolytic causes''' | ||
**[[ | ***[[Cephalhematoma]] | ||
**[[ | ***[[Polycythemia]] | ||
**[[ | ***[[Sepsis]] | ||
* | ***[[Hypothyroidism]] | ||
**[[ | ***[[Gilbert's syndrome]] | ||
**[[ | ***[[Crigler-Najjar syndrome]] | ||
* | |||
**[[ | |||
* '''Hepatic causes''' | |||
*[[ | **'''Infections''' | ||
**[[ | ***[[Sepsis]] | ||
**[[ | ***[[Hepatitis B]] | ||
**[[ | ***[[TORCH syndrome|TORCH infections]] | ||
**[[ | **'''Metabolic''' | ||
** | ***[[Galactosemia]] | ||
***[[Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency]] | |||
***[[Cystic fibrosis]] | |||
**Drugs: | |||
***[[Losartan and Hydrochlorothiazide|Losartan]] | |||
***[[Losartan and Hydrochlorothiazide|Hydrochlorothiazide]] | |||
**[[Total parenteral nutrition]] | |||
* '''Post-hepatic''' | |||
**[[Biliary atresia]] | |||
*[[Bile duct]] obstruction | |||
* | |||
*[[ | |||
*[[ | |||
=== | ===Causes by Organ System=== | ||
{| style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1" | |||
| style="width:25%" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" ; border="1" |'''Cardiovascular''' | |||
| style="width:75%" bgcolor="Beige" ; border="1" | No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
| bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Chemical/Poisoning''' | |||
** | | bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes | ||
* | |- | ||
* | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Dental''' | |||
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Dermatologic''' | |||
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Drug Side Effect''' | |||
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Losartan and Hydrochlorothiazide|Losartan]], [[Losartan and Hydrochlorothiazide|Hydrochlorothiazide]] | |||
|- | |||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Ear Nose Throat''' | |||
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Endocrine''' | |||
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Hypothyroidism]] | |||
|- | |||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Environmental''' | |||
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Gastroenterologic''' | |||
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Gilbert's syndrome]], [[Crigler-Najjar syndrome]], [[Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency]], [[Biliary atresia]], [[Bile duct]] obstruction | |||
|- | |||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Genetic''' | |||
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency]] | |||
|- | |||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Hematologic''' | |||
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Cephalhematoma]], [[Polycythemia]] | |||
|- | |||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Iatrogenic''' | |||
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Infectious Disease''' | |||
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Sepsis]], [[Hepatitis B]], [[TORCH syndrome|TORCH infections]] | |||
|- | |||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic''' | |||
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Neurologic''' | |||
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic''' | |||
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Galactosemia]], [[Total parenteral nutrition]] | |||
|- | |||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic''' | |||
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Oncologic''' | |||
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Ophthalmologic''' | |||
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Overdose/Toxicity''' | |||
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Psychiatric''' | |||
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Pulmonary''' | |||
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency]] | |||
|- | |||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Renal/Electrolyte''' | |||
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy''' | |||
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Sexual''' | |||
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Trauma''' | |||
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Urologic''' | |||
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Miscellaneous''' | |||
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | |||
{{columns-list| | |||
* Alloimmunity | |||
*Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency | |||
*Alpha-thalassemia | |||
*Arteriovenous malformation | |||
*Bile duct obstruction | |||
*Biliary atresia | |||
*Cephalhematoma | |||
*Crigler-Najjar syndrome | |||
*Cystic fibrosis | |||
*Galactosemia | |||
*Gilbert's syndrome | |||
*Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (also called G6PD deficiency) | |||
*Hemolytic disease of the newborn (ABO) | |||
*Hepatitis B | |||
*Hereditary elliptocytosis | |||
*Hydrochlorothiazide | |||
*Hypothyroidism | |||
*Losartan | |||
*Polycythemia | |||
*Pyruvate kinase deficiency | |||
*Rh disease | |||
*Sepsis | |||
*Spherocytosis | |||
*Splenomegaly | |||
*TORCH infections | |||
*Total parenteral nutrition | |||
}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
| | ||
| |||
{{WH}} | |||
{{WS}} | |||
[[Category:Medicine]] | [[Category:Medicine]] | ||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] | ||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | [[Category:Up-To-Date]] | ||
[[Category:Pediatrics]] | [[Category:Pediatrics]] | ||
[[Category:Hepatology]] | [[Category:Hepatology]] | ||
[[Category:Hematology]] | [[Category:Hematology]] | ||
Latest revision as of 22:56, 29 July 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]
Overview
Neonatal jaundice is caused by hemolysis of the RBCs mainly due to either intravascular causes or extravascular causes. Other causes include non-hemolytic causes such as cephalosporin induced jaundice, genetic mutations of the UGT enzyme, and hepatic causes.
Causes
Common causes
- Common causes of neonatal jaundice include the following:[1][2]
- Increase bilirubin production due to hemolysis. Hemolytic causes include:
- Intrinsic causes of hemolysis
- Systemic contitions
- Enzyme conditions
- Globin synthesis defect
- Extrinsic causes of hemolysis
- Alloimmunity (The neonatal or cord blood gives a positive direct Coombs test and the maternal blood gives a positive indirect Coombs test)
- Hemolytic disease of the newborn (ABO)
- Rh disease
- Increase bilirubin production due to hemolysis. Hemolytic causes include:
Less common causes
- Hepatic causes
- Infections
- Metabolic
- Drugs:
- Total parenteral nutrition
- Post-hepatic
- Bile duct obstruction
Causes by Organ System
Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
Dental | No underlying causes |
Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
Drug Side Effect | Losartan, Hydrochlorothiazide |
Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
Endocrine | Hypothyroidism |
Environmental | No underlying causes |
Gastroenterologic | Gilbert's syndrome, Crigler-Najjar syndrome, Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, Biliary atresia, Bile duct obstruction |
Genetic | Cystic fibrosis, Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency |
Hematologic | Cephalhematoma, Polycythemia |
Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
Infectious Disease | Sepsis, Hepatitis B, TORCH infections |
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
Neurologic | No underlying causes |
Nutritional/Metabolic | Galactosemia, Total parenteral nutrition |
Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
Oncologic | No underlying causes |
Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
Pulmonary | Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency |
Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | No underlying causes |
Sexual | No underlying causes |
Trauma | No underlying causes |
Urologic | No underlying causes |
Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Alloimmunity
- Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
- Alpha-thalassemia
- Arteriovenous malformation
- Bile duct obstruction
- Biliary atresia
- Cephalhematoma
- Crigler-Najjar syndrome
- Cystic fibrosis
- Galactosemia
- Gilbert's syndrome
- Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (also called G6PD deficiency)
- Hemolytic disease of the newborn (ABO)
- Hepatitis B
- Hereditary elliptocytosis
- Hydrochlorothiazide
- Hypothyroidism
- Losartan
- Polycythemia
- Pyruvate kinase deficiency
- Rh disease
- Sepsis
- Spherocytosis
- Splenomegaly
- TORCH infections
- Total parenteral nutrition
References
- ↑ Poland, R L (1980). "High milk lipase activity associated with breastmilk jaundice". Pediatr Res. 14: 1328–31. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=
ignored (help) - ↑ Murphy, J F (1981). "Pregnanediols and breast-milk jaundice". Arch Dis Child. 56: 474–76. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=
ignored (help) - ↑ Kumral, A (2009). "Breast milk jaundice correlates with high levels of epidermal growth factor". Pediatr Res. 66: 218–21. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=
ignored (help) - ↑ Arias, IM (1964). "Prolonged neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia associated with breast feeding and a steroid, pregnane-3(alpha), 20(beta)-diol in maternal milk that inhibits glucuronide formation in vitro". J Clin Invest. 43: 2037–47. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=
ignored (help)
Template:WH Template:WS