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{{Atrial flutter}}
{{Atrial flutter}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{RT}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{F.K}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
Major risk factors for the development of atrial flutter are elderly age, presence of heart disease and high blood pressure.
 
Common [[Risk factor|risk factors]] in the development of atrial flutter include thyrotoxicosis, [[obesity]],[[pericarditis]], [[pulmonary embolism]] and diabetes. Less common risk factors include [[acute myocardial infarction]], [[cardiac surgery]], [[Digoxin overdose|digitalis toxicity]], [[electrolyte imbalance]] and [[antiarrhythmic drugs]].
==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==
Risk factors for the development of atrial flutter are:
Common [[Risk factor|risk factors]] in the development of atrial flutter include [[thyrotoxicosis]], obesity, [[pericarditis]], [[pulmonary embolism]] and [[diabetes]].
* Presence of heart disease
===Common Risk Factors===
* Past history of cardiac surgery
*Common [[Risk factor|risk factors]] in the development of atrial flutter include:<ref name="pmid26226213">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rahman F, Wang N, Yin X, Ellinor PT, Lubitz SA, LeLorier PA, McManus DD, Sullivan LM, Seshadri S, Vasan RS, Benjamin EJ, Magnani JW |title=Atrial flutter: Clinical risk factors and adverse outcomes in the Framingham Heart Study |journal=Heart Rhythm |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=233–40 |date=January 2016 |pmid=26226213 |pmc=4698205 |doi=10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.07.031 |url=}}</ref>
* Hyperactive [[thyroid gland]]
**[[Thyrotoxicosis]]
* Abnormal heart valves
**[[Obesity]]
* Elderly age
**[[Obstructive sleep apnea]]
* [[Chronic alcoholism]]
**[[Sinus node dysfunction]]
* [[Caffeine]] addiction
**[[Pericarditis]]
* Chronic use of diet pills and cold medications
**[[Pulmonary disease]]
* History of chronic pulmonary disease
**[[Pulmonary embolism]]
* [[Stress]] and [[anxiety]]
**[[Diabetes]]
**[[Alcohol]] consumption
 
===Less Common Risk Factors===
*Less common [[Risk factor|risk factors]] in the development of atrial flutter include:<ref name="pmid13825021">{{cite journal |vauthors=FRIEDBERG CK, DONOSO E |title=Arrhythmias and conduction disturbances due to digitalis |journal=Prog Cardiovasc Dis |volume=2 |issue= |pages=408–31 |date=March 1960 |pmid=13825021 |doi=10.1016/s0033-0620(60)80002-3 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15237679">{{cite journal |vauthors=Suda K, Matsumura M, Hayashi Y |title=Myotonic dystrophy presenting as atrial flutter in childhood |journal=Cardiol Young |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=89–92 |date=February 2004 |pmid=15237679 |doi=10.1017/s1047951104001179 |url=}}</ref>
**[[Acute myocardial infarction]]
**[[Cardiac surgery]]
**[[Digoxin overdose|Digitalis toxicity]]
**[[Pheochromocytoma]]
**[[Myotonic dystrophy]] in childhood
**[[Electrolyte imbalance]]
**[[Antiarrhythmic drugs]]
***[[Flecainide]]
***[[Propafenone]]
***[[Dronedarone]]
***[[Amiodarone]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
[[CME Category::Cardiology]]
[[Category:Electrophysiology]]
[[Category:Electrophysiology]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
{{WH}}
[[Category:Up-To-Date cardiology]]
{{WS}}
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]

Latest revision as of 15:27, 2 December 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farima Kahe M.D. [2]

Overview

Common risk factors in the development of atrial flutter include thyrotoxicosis, obesity,pericarditis, pulmonary embolism and diabetes. Less common risk factors include acute myocardial infarction, cardiac surgery, digitalis toxicity, electrolyte imbalance and antiarrhythmic drugs.

Risk Factors

Common risk factors in the development of atrial flutter include thyrotoxicosis, obesity, pericarditis, pulmonary embolism and diabetes.

Common Risk Factors

Less Common Risk Factors

References

  1. Rahman F, Wang N, Yin X, Ellinor PT, Lubitz SA, LeLorier PA, McManus DD, Sullivan LM, Seshadri S, Vasan RS, Benjamin EJ, Magnani JW (January 2016). "Atrial flutter: Clinical risk factors and adverse outcomes in the Framingham Heart Study". Heart Rhythm. 13 (1): 233–40. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.07.031. PMC 4698205. PMID 26226213.
  2. FRIEDBERG CK, DONOSO E (March 1960). "Arrhythmias and conduction disturbances due to digitalis". Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2: 408–31. doi:10.1016/s0033-0620(60)80002-3. PMID 13825021.
  3. Suda K, Matsumura M, Hayashi Y (February 2004). "Myotonic dystrophy presenting as atrial flutter in childhood". Cardiol Young. 14 (1): 89–92. doi:10.1017/s1047951104001179. PMID 15237679.

Template:WH Template:WS CME Category::Cardiology