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==Overview==
==Overview==
Secondary prevention strategies following hemophilia include ongoing care and medication precautions.
Effective measures for the [[Prevention (medical)|secondary prevention]] of hemophilia include avoidance of invasive [[Fetus|fetal]] monitoring of a [[Hemophilia|hemophilic]] [[fetus]], avoidance of [[Childbirth|operative vaginal delivery]], administration of [[vitamin K]] [[Injection (medicine)|injection]] with care, availability of the factor concentrate at the time of [[Childbirth|delivery]], [[Intravenous therapy|infusion]] of [[factor VIII]] or [[Factor IX|IX]] concentrate at least once weekly for ≥ 45 weeks per year, and the use of e-Diaries to improve record keeping of hemophilia [[Patient|patients']] home treatment and [[bleeding]] episodes.  
==Living with hemophilia==
==Secondary Prevention==
 
Effective measures for the [[Prevention (medical)|secondary prevention]] of hemophilia include:
If you or your child has hemophilia, you can take steps to prevent bleeding problems. Thanks to improvements in treatment, a child who has hemophilia today is likely to live a normal lifespan.
*Avoidance of invasive [[Fetus|fetal]] monitoring of a [[Hemophilia|hemophilic]] [[fetus]]<ref name="pmid30373387">{{cite journal |vauthors=Moorehead PC, Chan AKC, Lemyre B, Winikoff R, Scott H, Hawes SA, Shroff M, Thomas A, Price VE |title=A Practical Guide to the Management of the Fetus and Newborn With Hemophilia |journal=Clin. Appl. Thromb. Hemost. |volume= |issue= |pages=1076029618807583 |date=October 2018 |pmid=30373387 |doi=10.1177/1076029618807583 |url=}}</ref>
 
*[[Childbirth|Operative vaginal delivery]] should be avoided due to the risk of [[Intracranial hemorrhage|intracranial]] and [[Cranium|extracranial]] [[Bleeding|hemorrhage]].<ref name="pmid30373387">{{cite journal |vauthors=Moorehead PC, Chan AKC, Lemyre B, Winikoff R, Scott H, Hawes SA, Shroff M, Thomas A, Price VE |title=A Practical Guide to the Management of the Fetus and Newborn With Hemophilia |journal=Clin. Appl. Thromb. Hemost. |volume= |issue= |pages=1076029618807583 |date=October 2018 |pmid=30373387 |doi=10.1177/1076029618807583 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19637999">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kulkarni R, Soucie JM, Lusher J, Presley R, Shapiro A, Gill J, Manco-Johnson M, Koerper M, Mathew P, Abshire T, Dimichele D, Hoots K, Janco R, Nugent D, Geraghty S, Evatt B |title=Sites of initial bleeding episodes, mode of delivery and age of diagnosis in babies with haemophilia diagnosed before the age of 2 years: a report from The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Universal Data Collection (UDC) project |journal=Haemophilia |volume=15 |issue=6 |pages=1281–90 |date=November 2009 |pmid=19637999 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2516.2009.02074.x |url=}}</ref>
===Hemophilia Treatment Centers===
*[[Vitamin K]] [[Injection (medicine)|injection]], via the [[Intramuscular injection|intramuscular]] or [[Route of administration|subcutaneous route]], should be given with a 27 gauge (or smaller) [[needle]], and followed by the application of direct [[pressure]] for approximately 5 minutes<ref name="pmid30373387">{{cite journal |vauthors=Moorehead PC, Chan AKC, Lemyre B, Winikoff R, Scott H, Hawes SA, Shroff M, Thomas A, Price VE |title=A Practical Guide to the Management of the Fetus and Newborn With Hemophilia |journal=Clin. Appl. Thromb. Hemost. |volume= |issue= |pages=1076029618807583 |date=October 2018 |pmid=30373387 |doi=10.1177/1076029618807583 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17537760">{{cite journal |vauthors=Busfield A, McNinch A, Tripp J |title=Neonatal vitamin K prophylaxis in Great Britain and Ireland: the impact of perceived risk and product licensing on effectiveness |journal=Arch. Dis. Child. |volume=92 |issue=9 |pages=754–8 |date=September 2007 |pmid=17537760 |pmc=2084039 |doi=10.1136/adc.2006.105304 |url=}}</ref>
*The Federal Government funds a nationwide network of hemophilia treatment centers (HTCs). These centers are an important resource for people who have hemophilia and their families.
*The World Federation of Hemophilia recommends that [[Vaccine|vaccines]] be administered [[Route of administration|subcutaneously]] to [[Patient|patients]] with hemophilia<ref name="pmid30373387">{{cite journal |vauthors=Moorehead PC, Chan AKC, Lemyre B, Winikoff R, Scott H, Hawes SA, Shroff M, Thomas A, Price VE |title=A Practical Guide to the Management of the Fetus and Newborn With Hemophilia |journal=Clin. Appl. Thromb. Hemost. |volume= |issue= |pages=1076029618807583 |date=October 2018 |pmid=30373387 |doi=10.1177/1076029618807583 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22776238">{{cite journal |vauthors=Srivastava A, Brewer AK, Mauser-Bunschoten EP, Key NS, Kitchen S, Llinas A, Ludlam CA, Mahlangu JN, Mulder K, Poon MC, Street A |title=Guidelines for the management of hemophilia |journal=Haemophilia |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=e1–47 |date=January 2013 |pmid=22776238 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2516.2012.02909.x |url=}}</ref>
*The medical experts at HTCs provide treatment, education, and support. They can teach you or your family members how to do home treatments. Center staff also can provide your doctor with information.
*An appropriately sized [[vial]] of the chosen factor concentrate should be available at the time of [[Childbirth|delivery]] and the staff present should be well skilled in the reconstitution and administration of the [[concentrate]]<ref name="pmid30373387">{{cite journal |vauthors=Moorehead PC, Chan AKC, Lemyre B, Winikoff R, Scott H, Hawes SA, Shroff M, Thomas A, Price VE |title=A Practical Guide to the Management of the Fetus and Newborn With Hemophilia |journal=Clin. Appl. Thromb. Hemost. |volume= |issue= |pages=1076029618807583 |date=October 2018 |pmid=30373387 |doi=10.1177/1076029618807583 |url=}}</ref>
*People who get care at HTCs are less likely than those who get care elsewhere to have bleeding complications and hospitalizations. They're also more likely to have a better quality of life. This may be due to the centers' emphasis on bleeding prevention and the education and support provided to patients and their caregivers.
*[[Cryoprecipitate]], and [[fresh frozen plasma]] should not be used in [[Infant|newborns]] unless the appropriate factor [[concentrate]] is available<ref name="pmid30373387">{{cite journal |vauthors=Moorehead PC, Chan AKC, Lemyre B, Winikoff R, Scott H, Hawes SA, Shroff M, Thomas A, Price VE |title=A Practical Guide to the Management of the Fetus and Newborn With Hemophilia |journal=Clin. Appl. Thromb. Hemost. |volume= |issue= |pages=1076029618807583 |date=October 2018 |pmid=30373387 |doi=10.1177/1076029618807583 |url=}}</ref>
*More than 100 federally funded HTCs are located throughout the United States. Many HTCs are located at major university medical and research centers. The hemophilia teams at these centers include:
*[[Desmopressin]] should also be not used in [[Infant|newborns]] due to the risk of developing [[hyponatremia]]<ref name="pmid15956888">{{cite journal |vauthors=Das P, Carcao M, Hitzler J |title=DDAVP-induced hyponatremia in young children |journal=J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. |volume=27 |issue=6 |pages=330–2 |date=June 2005 |pmid=15956888 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24942016">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sharma R, Stein D |title=Hyponatremia after desmopressin (DDAVP) use in pediatric patients with bleeding disorders undergoing surgeries |journal=J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. |volume=36 |issue=6 |pages=e371–5 |date=August 2014 |pmid=24942016 |doi=10.1097/MPH.0000000000000185 |url=}}</ref>
**Nurse coordinators
*[[Intravenous therapy|Infusion]] of [[factor VIII]] or [[Factor IX|IX]] [[concentrate]] at least once weekly for ≥ 45 weeks per year<ref name="pmid18637844">{{cite journal |vauthors=Biss TT, Chan AK, Blanchette VS, Iwenofu LN, McLimont M, Carcao MD |title=The use of prophylaxis in 2663 children and adults with haemophilia: results of the 2006 Canadian national haemophilia prophylaxis survey |journal=Haemophilia |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=923–30 |date=September 2008 |pmid=18637844 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2516.2008.01810.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid29731369">{{cite journal |vauthors=Feldman BM, Rivard GE, Babyn P, Wu JKM, Steele M, Poon MC, Card RT, Israels SJ, Laferriere N, Gill K, Chan AK, Carcao M, Klaassen RJ, Cloutier S, Price VE, Dover S, Blanchette VS |title=Tailored frequency-escalated primary prophylaxis for severe haemophilia A: results of the 16-year Canadian Hemophilia Prophylaxis Study longitudinal cohort |journal=Lancet Haematol |volume=5 |issue=6 |pages=e252–e260 |date=June 2018 |pmid=29731369 |doi=10.1016/S2352-3026(18)30048-6 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid29447219">{{cite journal |vauthors=Herbert RD, Broderick CR, Barnes C, Billot L, Zhou A, Latimer J |title=Optimization of prophylaxis for hemophilia A |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=e0192783 |date=2018 |pmid=29447219 |pmc=5813962 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0192783 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28302350">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fischer K, Ljung R |title=Primary prophylaxis in haemophilia care: Guideline update 2016 |journal=Blood Cells Mol. Dis. |volume=67 |issue= |pages=81–85 |date=September 2017 |pmid=28302350 |doi=10.1016/j.bcmd.2017.02.004 |url=}}</ref>
**Pediatricians (doctors who treat children) and adult and pediatric hematologists (doctors who specialize in blood disorders)
*[[Emicizumab]], a bispecific [[Monoclonal antibodies|monoclonal antibody]] bridging [[Factor IX|factor IXa]] and [[Factor X|Xa]], can be used to replace the function of missing [[Factor VIII|factor VIIIa]]<ref name="pmid30157389">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mahlangu J, Oldenburg J, Paz-Priel I, Negrier C, Niggli M, Mancuso ME, Schmitt C, Jiménez-Yuste V, Kempton C, Dhalluin C, Callaghan MU, Bujan W, Shima M, Adamkewicz JI, Asikanius E, Levy GG, Kruse-Jarres R |title=Emicizumab Prophylaxis in Patients Who Have Hemophilia A without Inhibitors |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=379 |issue=9 |pages=811–822 |date=August 2018 |pmid=30157389 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1803550 |url=}}</ref>
**Social workers (who can help with financial issues, transportation, mental health, and other issues)
*[[Orthopedic surgery|Invasive orthopedic interventions]] to control recurrent [[hemarthrosis]] and to prevent the loss of [[joint]] function<ref name="pmid29957840">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tobase P, Lane H, Siddiqi AE, Soucie JM, Ingram-Rich R, Ward S, Gill JC |title=Risk factors associated with invasive orthopaedic interventions in males with haemophilia enrolled in the Universal Data Collection program from 2000 to 2010 |journal=Haemophilia |volume=24 |issue=6 |pages=964–970 |date=November 2018 |pmid=29957840 |doi=10.1111/hae.13511 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25382767">{{cite journal |vauthors=Serban M, Poenaru D, Patrascu J, Ursu E, Savescu D, Ionita H, Jinca C, Pop L, Talpos-Niculescu S, Ritli L, Arghirescu S, Mihailov D, Schramm W |title=Risks and challenges of orthopaedic invasive interventions in haemophilia in a low-resource country. A single-center experience |journal=Hamostaseologie |volume=34 Suppl 1 |issue= |pages=S30–5 |date=2014 |pmid=25382767 |doi=10.5482/HAMO-14-01-0007 |url=}}</ref>
**Physical therapists and orthopedists (doctors who specialize in disorders of the bones and joints)
*[[Recombinant DNA|Recombinant]] [[factor VIII]] Fc [[fusion protein]] is associated with improved [[bleeding]] rates and lower weekly factor consumption compared to the conventional [[Recombinant DNA|recombinant]] [[factor VIII]] <ref name="pmid28233383">{{cite journal |vauthors=Iorio A, Krishnan S, Myrén KJ, Lethagen S, McCormick N, Yermakov S, Karner P |title=Indirect comparisons of efficacy and weekly factor consumption during continuous prophylaxis with recombinant factor VIII Fc fusion protein and conventional recombinant factor VIII products |journal=Haemophilia |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=408–416 |date=May 2017 |pmid=28233383 |doi=10.1111/hae.13160 |url=}}</ref>
**Dentists
*The use of e-Diaries improves record keeping of hemophilia [[Patient|patients']] home treatment and [[bleeding]] episodes<ref name="pmid30654393">{{cite journal |vauthors=Banchev A, Goldmann G, Marquardt N, Klein C, Horneff S, Langenkamp R, Frankenberger T, Oldenburg J |title=Impact of Telemedicine Tools on Record Keeping and Compliance in Haemophilia Care |journal=Hamostaseologie |volume= |issue= |pages= |date=January 2019 |pmid=30654393 |doi=10.1055/s-0038-1676128 |url=}}</ref>
 
To find an HTC located near you, go to the directory of HTCs on the [[Centers for Disease Control]] and Prevention's Web site. Many people who have hemophilia go to HTCs for annual checkups, even if it means traveling some distance to do so.
 
At an HTC, you or your child may be able to take part in clinical research and benefit from the latest hemophilia research findings. The HTC team also will work with your local health care providers to help meet your needs or your child's needs.
 
===Ongoing Care===
 
If you have hemophilia, you can take steps to avoid complications. For example:
 
*Follow your treatment plan exactly as your doctor prescribes.
*ave regular checkups and vaccinations as recommended.
*Tell all of your health care providers—such as your doctor, dentist, and pharmacist—that you have hemophilia. You also may want to tell people like your employee health nurse, gym trainer, and sports coach about your condition.
*Have regular dental care. Dentists at the HTCs are experts in providing dental care for people who have hemophilia. If you see another dentist, tell him or her that you have hemophilia. The dentist can provide medicine that will reduce bleeding during dental work.
*Know the signs and symptoms of bleeding in joints and other parts of the body. Know when to call your doctor or go to the emergency room. For example, you'll need care if you have:
**Heavy bleeding that can't be stopped or a wound that continues to ooze blood.
**Any signs or symptoms of bleeding in the brain. Such bleeding is life threatening and requires emergency care.
**Limited motion, pain, or swelling of any joint.
 
It's a good idea to keep a record of all previous treatments. Be sure to take this information with you to medical appointments and to the hospital or emergency room.
 
===If Your Child Is Diagnosed With Hemophilia===
 
*You may have emotional, financial, social, or other strains as you adjust to having a child who has hemophilia. Learn all you can about the disorder and get the support you need.
*Talk with doctors and other health care providers about treatment, prevention of bleeding, and what to do during an emergency.
*The care teams at HTCs can provide your child with treatment and help educate and support you. The social worker on the team can help with emotional issues, financial and transportation problems, and other concerns.
*Seek the many resources available through the Web, books, and other materials, including those provided by national and local hemophilia organizations.
*Look into support groups that offer a variety of activities for children who have hemophilia and for family members. Some groups offer summer camps for children who have hemophilia. Ask your doctor, nurse coordinator, or social worker about these groups and camps.
*Challenges will occur as your child grows and becomes more active. In addition to treatment and regular health and dental care, your child needs information about hemophilia that he or she can understand.
*Children who have [[hemophilia]] also need ongoing support, and they need to be reassured that the condition isn't their fault.
 
Young children who have hemophilia need extra protection from things in the home and elsewhere that could cause injuries and bleeding:
 
*Protect toddlers with kneepads, elbow pads, and protective helmets. All children should wear safety helmets when riding tricycles or bicycles.
*Be sure to use the safety belts and straps in highchairs, car seats, and strollers to protect your child from falls.
*Remove furniture with sharp corners or pad them while your child is a toddler.
*Keep out of reach or locked away small and sharp objects and other items that could cause bleeding or harm.
*Check play equipment and outdoor play areas for possible hazards.
 
You also should learn how to examine your child for and recognize signs of bleeding. Learn to prepare for bleeding episodes when they occur. Keep a cold pack in the freezer ready to use as directed or to take along with you to treat bumps and bruises. Popsicles work fine when there is minor bleeding in the mouth. You also might want to keep a bag ready to go with items you'll need if you must take your child to the emergency room or elsewhere. Be sure that anyone who is responsible for your child knows that he or she has hemophilia. Talk with your child's babysitters, daycare providers, teachers, other school staff, and coaches or leaders of afterschool activities about when to contact you or to call 9–1–1 for emergency care. Your child should wear a medical ID bracelet or necklace. If your child is injured, the ID will alert anyone caring for your child about his or her hemophilia.
 
===Physical Activity and Hemophilia===
*Physical activity helps keep muscles flexible, strengthens joints, and helps maintain a healthy weight. Children and adults who have hemophilia should be physically active, but they may have limits on what they can do safely.
*People who have mild hemophilia can take part in many activities. Those who have severe hemophilia should avoid contact sports and other activities that are likely to lead to injuries that could cause bleeding. Examples of these activities include football, hockey, and wrestling.
*Physical therapists at HTCs can develop exercise programs tailored to your needs and teach you how to exercise safely.
*Talk with your doctor or physical therapist about recommended types of physical activity and sports. In general, some safe physical activities are swimming, biking (wearing a helmet), walking, and golf.
 
To prevent bleeding, you also may be able to take clotting factors prior to exercise or a sporting event.
 
===Medicine Precautions===
Some medicines increase the risk of bleeding, such as:
*[[Aspirin]] and other medicines that contain salicylates
*[[Ibuprofen]], [[naproxen]], and some other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines
 
Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about which medicines are safe for you to take.
 
===Treatment at Home and When Traveling===
Home treatment with replacement therapy has many benefits. It lets you treat bleeding early, before complications are likely to develop. Home treatment also can prevent frequent trips to the doctor's office or hospital. This can give you more independence and control over your hemophilia.
However, if you're treating yourself or your child with clotting factors at home, you should take some steps for safety:
*Follow instructions for storage, preparation, and use of clotting factors and treatment materials.
*Keep a record of all medical treatment.
*Know the signs and symptoms of bleeding, infection, or an allergic reaction, and know the correct way to respond.
*Have someone with you when you treat yourself.
*Know when to call the doctor or 9–1–1.
 
When you're traveling, be sure to take enough treatment supplies along. You also should carry a letter from your doctor describing your hemophilia and treatment. It's a good idea to find out in advance where to go for care when out of town.
 
===Cost Issues===
Clotting factors are very costly. Many health insurance companies will only pay for clotting factors on a case-by-case basis. It's important to know:
*What your insurance covers
*Whether your insurance has a limit on the dollar amount it will cover and what that amount is
*Whether restrictions or waiting periods apply
As children grow, it's important to learn about available options for insurance. Look into what kinds of health insurance are offered when seeking a job.<ref>{{Cite web | title = NIH Hemophilia secondary prevention | url =http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hemophilia/livingwith }}</ref>
 


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 19:15, 31 May 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sabawoon Mirwais, M.B.B.S, M.D.[2]

Overview

Effective measures for the secondary prevention of hemophilia include avoidance of invasive fetal monitoring of a hemophilic fetus, avoidance of operative vaginal delivery, administration of vitamin K injection with care, availability of the factor concentrate at the time of delivery, infusion of factor VIII or IX concentrate at least once weekly for ≥ 45 weeks per year, and the use of e-Diaries to improve record keeping of hemophilia patients' home treatment and bleeding episodes.

Secondary Prevention

Effective measures for the secondary prevention of hemophilia include:

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Moorehead PC, Chan A, Lemyre B, Winikoff R, Scott H, Hawes SA, Shroff M, Thomas A, Price VE (October 2018). "A Practical Guide to the Management of the Fetus and Newborn With Hemophilia". Clin. Appl. Thromb. Hemost.: 1076029618807583. doi:10.1177/1076029618807583. PMID 30373387. Vancouver style error: initials (help)
  2. ↑ Kulkarni R, Soucie JM, Lusher J, Presley R, Shapiro A, Gill J, Manco-Johnson M, Koerper M, Mathew P, Abshire T, Dimichele D, Hoots K, Janco R, Nugent D, Geraghty S, Evatt B (November 2009). "Sites of initial bleeding episodes, mode of delivery and age of diagnosis in babies with haemophilia diagnosed before the age of 2 years: a report from The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Universal Data Collection (UDC) project". Haemophilia. 15 (6): 1281–90. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2009.02074.x. PMID 19637999.
  3. ↑ Busfield A, McNinch A, Tripp J (September 2007). "Neonatal vitamin K prophylaxis in Great Britain and Ireland: the impact of perceived risk and product licensing on effectiveness". Arch. Dis. Child. 92 (9): 754–8. doi:10.1136/adc.2006.105304. PMC 2084039. PMID 17537760.
  4. ↑ Srivastava A, Brewer AK, Mauser-Bunschoten EP, Key NS, Kitchen S, Llinas A, Ludlam CA, Mahlangu JN, Mulder K, Poon MC, Street A (January 2013). "Guidelines for the management of hemophilia". Haemophilia. 19 (1): e1–47. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2012.02909.x. PMID 22776238.
  5. ↑ Das P, Carcao M, Hitzler J (June 2005). "DDAVP-induced hyponatremia in young children". J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. 27 (6): 330–2. PMID 15956888.
  6. ↑ Sharma R, Stein D (August 2014). "Hyponatremia after desmopressin (DDAVP) use in pediatric patients with bleeding disorders undergoing surgeries". J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. 36 (6): e371–5. doi:10.1097/MPH.0000000000000185. PMID 24942016.
  7. ↑ Biss TT, Chan AK, Blanchette VS, Iwenofu LN, McLimont M, Carcao MD (September 2008). "The use of prophylaxis in 2663 children and adults with haemophilia: results of the 2006 Canadian national haemophilia prophylaxis survey". Haemophilia. 14 (5): 923–30. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2008.01810.x. PMID 18637844.
  8. ↑ Feldman BM, Rivard GE, Babyn P, Wu J, Steele M, Poon MC, Card RT, Israels SJ, Laferriere N, Gill K, Chan AK, Carcao M, Klaassen RJ, Cloutier S, Price VE, Dover S, Blanchette VS (June 2018). "Tailored frequency-escalated primary prophylaxis for severe haemophilia A: results of the 16-year Canadian Hemophilia Prophylaxis Study longitudinal cohort". Lancet Haematol. 5 (6): e252–e260. doi:10.1016/S2352-3026(18)30048-6. PMID 29731369. Vancouver style error: initials (help)
  9. ↑ Herbert RD, Broderick CR, Barnes C, Billot L, Zhou A, Latimer J (2018). "Optimization of prophylaxis for hemophilia A". PLoS ONE. 13 (2): e0192783. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0192783. PMC 5813962. PMID 29447219.
  10. ↑ Fischer K, Ljung R (September 2017). "Primary prophylaxis in haemophilia care: Guideline update 2016". Blood Cells Mol. Dis. 67: 81–85. doi:10.1016/j.bcmd.2017.02.004. PMID 28302350.
  11. ↑ Mahlangu J, Oldenburg J, Paz-Priel I, Negrier C, Niggli M, Mancuso ME, Schmitt C, Jiménez-Yuste V, Kempton C, Dhalluin C, Callaghan MU, Bujan W, Shima M, Adamkewicz JI, Asikanius E, Levy GG, Kruse-Jarres R (August 2018). "Emicizumab Prophylaxis in Patients Who Have Hemophilia A without Inhibitors". N. Engl. J. Med. 379 (9): 811–822. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1803550. PMID 30157389.
  12. ↑ Tobase P, Lane H, Siddiqi AE, Soucie JM, Ingram-Rich R, Ward S, Gill JC (November 2018). "Risk factors associated with invasive orthopaedic interventions in males with haemophilia enrolled in the Universal Data Collection program from 2000 to 2010". Haemophilia. 24 (6): 964–970. doi:10.1111/hae.13511. PMID 29957840.
  13. ↑ Serban M, Poenaru D, Patrascu J, Ursu E, Savescu D, Ionita H, Jinca C, Pop L, Talpos-Niculescu S, Ritli L, Arghirescu S, Mihailov D, Schramm W (2014). "Risks and challenges of orthopaedic invasive interventions in haemophilia in a low-resource country. A single-center experience". Hamostaseologie. 34 Suppl 1: S30–5. doi:10.5482/HAMO-14-01-0007. PMID 25382767.
  14. ↑ Iorio A, Krishnan S, Myrén KJ, Lethagen S, McCormick N, Yermakov S, Karner P (May 2017). "Indirect comparisons of efficacy and weekly factor consumption during continuous prophylaxis with recombinant factor VIII Fc fusion protein and conventional recombinant factor VIII products". Haemophilia. 23 (3): 408–416. doi:10.1111/hae.13160. PMID 28233383.
  15. ↑ Banchev A, Goldmann G, Marquardt N, Klein C, Horneff S, Langenkamp R, Frankenberger T, Oldenburg J (January 2019). "Impact of Telemedicine Tools on Record Keeping and Compliance in Haemophilia Care". Hamostaseologie. doi:10.1055/s-0038-1676128. PMID 30654393.

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