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==Overview==
==Overview==
Ultrasound is used to diagnose sacrococcygeal teratoma in second trimester.<ref name = "us">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wilson RD, Hedrick H, Flake AW, Johnson MP, Bebbington MW, Mann S, Rychik J, Liechty K, Adzick NS |title=Sacrococcygeal teratomas: prenatal surveillance, growth and pregnancy outcome |journal=Fetal. Diagn. Ther. |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=15–20 |year=2009 |pmid= |doi=10.1159/000188056 |url=}}</ref> Mature sacrococcygeal teratomas tend to be cystic, showing [[anechoic]] component. Immature sacrococcygeal teratomas are much rare and solid type, showing [[echogenic]] mass within the pelvis.<ref>http://radiopaedia.org/articles/sacrococcygeal-teratoma</ref> Echocardiography identifies high output cardiac state preceding hydrops fetalis.<ref name = "echo">{{cite journal |vauthors=Adzick NS |title=Open fetal surgery for life-threatening fetal anomalies |journal=Semin Fetal Neonatal Med |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=1–8 |year=2010 |pmid=19540178 |doi=10.1016/j.siny.2009.05.003 |url=}}</ref>
[[Ultrasound]] is used to [[Diagnosis|diagnose]] sacrococcygeal teratoma in [[Pregnancy|second trimester]]. Mature sacrococcygeal teratomas tend to be [[Cyst|cystic]], showing [[anechoic]] component. Immature sacrococcygeal teratomas are much rare and solid type, showing [[echogenic]] mass within the [[pelvis]]. [[Echocardiography]] identifies high output [[Heart|cardiac]] state preceding [[hydrops fetalis]].


==Key Ultrasound Findings in Sacrococcygeal Teratoma==
==Ultrasound/Echocardiography==
*[[Prenatal]] [[ultrasound]], is used in second trimester.<ref name = "us">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wilson RD, Hedrick H, Flake AW, Johnson MP, Bebbington MW, Mann S, Rychik J, Liechty K, Adzick NS |title=Sacrococcygeal teratomas: prenatal surveillance, growth and pregnancy outcome |journal=Fetal. Diagn. Ther. |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=15–20 |year=2009 |pmid= |doi=10.1159/000188056 |url=}}</ref>
 
*Sacrococcygeal teratoma presents as a mass near the distal spine.
=== Ultrasound ===
*Sacrococcygeal teratoma having an external component may appear as a fluid-filled cyst or a solid mass sticking out from the fetus' body.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacrococcygeal_teratoma#Diagnosis</ref>
*[[Prenatal]] [[ultrasound]] is used in the [[Pregnancy|second trimester]].<ref name="us">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wilson RD, Hedrick H, Flake AW, Johnson MP, Bebbington MW, Mann S, Rychik J, Liechty K, Adzick NS |title=Sacrococcygeal teratomas: prenatal surveillance, growth and pregnancy outcome |journal=Fetal. Diagn. Ther. |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=15–20 |year=2009 |pmid= |doi=10.1159/000188056 |url=}}</ref>
*Sonography may show tumor growth obstructing the bladder outlet and hydronephrosis.
*Sacrococcygeal teratoma presents as a mass near the [[Anatomical terms of location|distal]] [[Vertebral column|spine]].
*Prenatally diagnosed Sacrococcygeal teratomas are mostly Altman I or II.
*Sacrococcygeal teratoma having an external component may appear as a [[fluid]]-filled [[cyst]] or a solid mass sticking out from the [[body]] of the [[fetus]].<ref name="dd">Sacrococcygeal teratoma. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacrococcygeal_teratoma#Diagnosis Accessed on December 15th, 2015</ref>
*Serial ultrasound evaluation of fetus, placenta and tumor is recommended to follow up on size and solid proportion of the tumor.  
*It may also show [[tumor]] growth obstructing the [[Urinary bladder|bladder]] outlet and causing [[hydronephrosis]].
==Key Echocardiography Findings in Sacrococcygeal Teratoma==
*[[Obstetrics|Prenatally]] [[Diagnosis|diagnosed]] sacrococcygeal teratomas are mostly Altman I or II.
*Fetal echocardiography is recommended in patients with solid or vascular tumors.<ref name = "echo">{{cite journal |vauthors=Adzick NS |title=Open fetal surgery for life-threatening fetal anomalies |journal=Semin Fetal Neonatal Med |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=1–8 |year=2010 |pmid=19540178 |doi=10.1016/j.siny.2009.05.003 |url=}}</ref>
*Serial [[ultrasound]] evaluation of [[fetus]], [[placenta]] and [[tumor]] is recommended to follow up on size and solid proportion of the [[tumor]].
*Echocardiography identifies high output cardiac state preceding hydrops fetalis.  
 
===Echocardiography===
*[[Fetus|Fetal]] [[echocardiography]] is recommended in [[Patient|patients]] with solid or [[vascular]] [[Tumor|tumors]].<ref name="echo">{{cite journal |vauthors=Adzick NS |title=Open fetal surgery for life-threatening fetal anomalies |journal=Semin Fetal Neonatal Med |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=1–8 |year=2010 |pmid=19540178 |doi=10.1016/j.siny.2009.05.003 |url=}}</ref>
*[[Echocardiography]] identifies high output [[Heart|cardiac]] state preceding [[hydrops fetalis]].  
==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
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Latest revision as of 20:31, 7 May 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mirdula Sharma, MBBS [2]

Overview

Ultrasound is used to diagnose sacrococcygeal teratoma in second trimester. Mature sacrococcygeal teratomas tend to be cystic, showing anechoic component. Immature sacrococcygeal teratomas are much rare and solid type, showing echogenic mass within the pelvis. Echocardiography identifies high output cardiac state preceding hydrops fetalis.

Ultrasound/Echocardiography

Ultrasound

Echocardiography

References

  1. Wilson RD, Hedrick H, Flake AW, Johnson MP, Bebbington MW, Mann S, Rychik J, Liechty K, Adzick NS (2009). "Sacrococcygeal teratomas: prenatal surveillance, growth and pregnancy outcome". Fetal. Diagn. Ther. 25 (1): 15–20. doi:10.1159/000188056.
  2. Sacrococcygeal teratoma. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacrococcygeal_teratoma#Diagnosis Accessed on December 15th, 2015
  3. Adzick NS (2010). "Open fetal surgery for life-threatening fetal anomalies". Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 15 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.siny.2009.05.003. PMID 19540178.

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