Goiter classification: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
 
(12 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown)
Line 2: Line 2:
{{Goiter}}
{{Goiter}}


{{CMG}}; {{AE}}  
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{ARK}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
In 1974, an international committee of thyroid pathologists published the first WHO histological classification of thyroid tumours which had served as a basis for various clinical, pathological, and  epidemiological studies. Goiter may also be classified according to various classification methods based on etiological, epidemiological, anatomical, pathological, functional and morphological factors.
In 1974, the international committee of thyroid [[pathologists]] published the first [[WHO]] [[histological]] [[classification]] of [[thyroid]] [[tumors]] which had served as a basis for various [[clinical]], [[pathological]], and  [[epidemiological]] studies. Goiter may also be classified according to various [[classification]] methods based on etiological, [[epidemiological]], [[anatomical]], [[pathological]], functional and morphological factors.


==Classification==
==Classification==
*In 1974, an international committee of thyroid pathologists published the first WHO histological classification of thyroid tumours which had served as a basis for various clinical, pathological, and  epidemiological studies. <ref name="pmid2914297">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hedinger C, Williams ED, Sobin LH |title=The WHO histological classification of thyroid tumors: a commentary on the second edition |journal=Cancer |volume=63 |issue=5 |pages=908–11 |year=1989 |pmid=2914297 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
In 1974, an international committee of thyroid [[pathologists]] published the first [[WHO]] [[histological]] [[classification]] of thyroid [[tumors]] which had served as a basis for various [[clinical]], [[pathological]], and  [[epidemiological]] studies.<ref name="pmid2914297">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hedinger C, Williams ED, Sobin LH |title=The WHO histological classification of thyroid tumors: a commentary on the second edition |journal=Cancer |volume=63 |issue=5 |pages=908–11 |year=1989 |pmid=2914297 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
 
*WHO Histological Classification of Thyroid Tumors, Second edition (1988) <ref name="pmid2914297">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hedinger C, Williams ED, Sobin LH |title=The WHO histological classification of thyroid tumors: a commentary on the second edition |journal=Cancer |volume=63 |issue=5 |pages=908–11 |year=1989 |pmid=2914297 |doi= |url=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid25996397">{{cite journal| author=| title=Reorganized text. | journal=JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg | year= 2015 | volume= 141 | issue= 5 | pages= 428 | pmid=25996397 | doi=10.1001/jamaoto.2015.0540 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25996397  }} </ref> <ref name="Else1926">{{cite journal|last1=Else|first1=J. Earl|title=A SIMPLE CLASSIFICATION OF GOITER|journal=JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association|volume=87|issue=18|year=1926|pages=1465|issn=0098-7484|doi=10.1001/jama.1926.02680180037009}}</ref>


*'''WHO Histological Classification of Thyroid Tumors, Second edition (1988):'''<ref name="pmid2914297">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hedinger C, Williams ED, Sobin LH |title=The WHO histological classification of thyroid tumors: a commentary on the second edition |journal=Cancer |volume=63 |issue=5 |pages=908–11 |year=1989 |pmid=2914297 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="Else1926">{{cite journal|last1=Else|first1=J. Earl|title=A SIMPLE CLASSIFICATION OF GOITER|journal=JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association|volume=87|issue=18|year=1926|pages=1465|issn=0098-7484|doi=10.1001/jama.1926.02680180037009}}</ref>
**'''Epithelial tumors'''
**'''Epithelial tumors'''
***'''''Benign'''''
***'''''Benign'''''
****''Follicular adenoma''
****''Follicular [[adenoma]]''
****''Others''  
****''Others''  
***'''''Malignant'''''
***'''''Malignant'''''
****''Follicular carcinoma''
****''[[Follicular carcinoma of the Thyroid|Follicular carcinoma]]''
****''Papillary carcinoma''
****''[[Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid|Papillary carcinoma]]''
****''Medullary carcinoma''
****''[[Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid|Medullary carcinoma]]''
****''Undifferentiated (anaplastic) carcinoma''
****''Undifferentiated ([[anaplastic]]) [[carcinoma]]''
****''Others''
****''Others''
**'''Nonepithelial tumors'''
**'''Nonepithelial tumors'''
***''Benign''  
***''[[Benign]]''  
***''Malignant''  
***''[[Malignant]]''  
**'''Malignant lymphomas'''
**'''[[Malignant lymphoma|Malignant lymphomas]]'''
**'''Miscellaneous tumors'''
**'''Miscellaneous tumors'''
**'''Secondary tumors'''
**'''Secondary tumors'''
Line 30: Line 29:
**'''Tumor-like  lesions'''
**'''Tumor-like  lesions'''


*'''<u>Goiter may be also be classified according to various classification methods based on the following criteria</u>''':<ref name="Werner1969">{{cite journal|last1=Werner|first1=Sidney C.|title=Classification of Thyroid Disease|journal=The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism|volume=29|issue=6|year=1969|pages=860–862|issn=0021-972X|doi=10.1210/jcem-29-6-860}}</ref><ref name="MercanteGabrielli2011">{{cite journal|last1=Mercante|first1=Giuseppe|last2=Gabrielli|first2=Enrico|last3=Pedroni|first3=Corrado|last4=Formisano|first4=Debora|last5=Bertolini|first5=Laura|last6=Nicoli|first6=Franco|last7=Valcavi|first7=Roberto|last8=Barbieri|first8=Verter|title=CT cross-sectional imaging classification system for substernal goiter based on risk factors for an extracervical surgical approach|journal=Head & Neck|volume=33|issue=6|year=2011|pages=792–799|issn=10433074|doi=10.1002/hed.21539}}</ref><ref name="CrileHazard1951">{{cite journal|last1=Crile|first1=George|last2=Hazard|first2=John B.|title=CLASSIFICATION OF THYROIDITIS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE USE OF NEEDLE BIOPSY*|journal=The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism|volume=11|issue=10|year=1951|pages=1123–1127|issn=0021-972X|doi=10.1210/jcem-11-10-1123}}</ref><ref name="pmid6663666">{{cite journal |vauthors=deSouza FM, Smith PE |title=Retrosternal goiter |journal=J Otolaryngol |volume=12 |issue=6 |pages=393–6 |year=1983 |pmid=6663666 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="CastanedaLechuga2002">{{cite journal|last1=Castaneda|first1=Rutila|last2=Lechuga|first2=Diana|last3=Ramos|first3=Rosa Isela|last4=Magos|first4=Clementina|last5=Orozco|first5=Maribel|last6=Martiacute;nez|first6=Homero|title=Endemic goiter in pregnant women: utility of the simplified classification of thyroid size by palpation and urinary iodine as screening tests|journal=BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology|volume=109|issue=12|year=2002|pages=1366–1372|issn=1470-0328|doi=10.1046/j.1471-0528.2002.00306.x}}</ref><ref name="CarnellValente1998">{{cite journal|last1=Carnell|first1=N. Eric|last2=Valente|first2=William A.|title=Thyroid Nodules in Graves' Disease: Classification, Characterization, and Response to Treatment|journal=Thyroid|volume=8|issue=7|year=1998|pages=571–576|issn=1050-7256|doi=10.1089/thy.1998.8.571}}</ref><ref name="Monaco2003">{{cite journal|last1=Monaco|first1=Fabrizio|title=Classification of Thyroid Diseases: Suggestions for a Revision|journal=The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism|volume=88|issue=4|year=2003|pages=1428–1432|issn=0021-972X|doi=10.1210/jc.2002-021260}}</ref><ref name="HuinsGeorgalas2008">{{cite journal|last1=Huins|first1=Charles T.|last2=Georgalas|first2=Christos|last3=Mehrzad|first3=Homoyoon|last4=Tolley|first4=Neil S.|title=A new classification system for retrosternal goitre based on a systematic review of its complications and management|journal=International Journal of Surgery|volume=6|issue=1|year=2008|pages=71–76|issn=17439191|doi=10.1016/j.ijsu.2007.02.003}}</ref><ref name="CrileHazard1948">{{cite journal|last1=Crile|first1=George|last2=Hazard|first2=John B.|last3=Dinsmore|first3=Robert S.|title=CARCINOMA OF THE THYROID GLAND, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO A CLINICOPATHOLOGIC CLASSIFICATION*|journal=The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism|volume=8|issue=9|year=1948|pages=762–765|issn=0021-972X|doi=10.1210/jcem-8-9-762}}</ref><ref name="PasslerPrager2003">{{cite journal|last1=Passler|first1=Christian|last2=Prager|first2=Gerhard|last3=Scheuba|first3=Christian|last4=Kaserer|first4=Klaus|last5=Zettinig|first5=Georg|last6=Niederle|first6=Bruno|title=Application of Staging Systems for Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma in an Endemic Goiter Region With Iodine Substitution|journal=Annals of Surgery|volume=237|issue=2|year=2003|pages=227–234|issn=0003-4932|doi=10.1097/01.SLA.0000048449.69472.81}}</ref><ref name="WoolnerBeahrs1961">{{cite journal|last1=Woolner|first1=Lewis B.|last2=Beahrs|first2=Oliver H.|last3=Black|first3=B.Marden|last4=McConahey|first4=William M.|last5=Keating|first5=F.Raymond|title=Classification and prognosis of thyroid carcinoma|journal=The American Journal of Surgery|volume=102|issue=3|year=1961|pages=354–387|issn=00029610|doi=10.1016/0002-9610(61)90527-X}}</ref><ref name="Passler2004">{{cite journal|last1=Passler|first1=C|title=Prognostic factors of papillary and follicular thyroid cancer: differences in an iodine-replete endemic goiter region|journal=Endocrine Related Cancer|volume=11|issue=1|year=2004|pages=131–139|issn=1351-0088|doi=10.1677/erc.0.0110131}}</ref>
**''[[Classification]] based on [[etiology]]''
**''[[Classification]] based on [[epidemiology]]''
**''[[Classification]] based on [[anatomy]]''
**''[[Classification]] based on [[pathology]]''
**''[[Classification]] based on [[Function (biology)|function]]''
**''[[Classification]] based on [[morphology]]''


*'''<u>Goiter may be also be classified according to various classification methods based on the following criteria</u>''':
*'''<u>Classification based on etiology:</u>'''
**''Etiological classification''
**'''Physiological goiter:''' Goiter occurring due to increased [[metabolic]] demand of [[thyroid hormones]] (during [[pregnancy]] or [[puberty]]).
**''Epidemiological classification''
**'''Pathological goiter:''' Goiter occurring as a result of the [[diseases]] affecting the [[thyroid gland]] e.g. [[neoplastic]] or [[inflammatory]] conditions.
**''Anatomical classification''
**''Pathological classification''
**''Functional classification''
**''Morphological classification''


*'''<u>Etiological classification:</u>'''
*'''<u>Classification based on epidemiology:</u>'''
**'''Physiological goiter:''' Goiters as a result of increased metabolic demand of thyroid hormones (during pregnancy or puberty)
**'''Familial goiters:''' Goiter occurring as an inherited defect of [[thyroid hormone]] [[synthesis]].
**'''Pathological goiter:''' Goiters as a result of diseases affecting the thyroid gland e.g. Neoplastic or inflammatory conditions
**'''Endemic goiters:''' [[Enlargement of thyroid|Thyroid enlargement]] observed in a significant number of [[population]] in a particular locality.
**'''Sporadic goiters:''' Goiter occuring sporadically.


*'''<u>Epidemiological classification:</u>'''
*'''<u>Classification based on anatomy:</u>'''
**'''Familial goiters:''' Goiters that occur in families as a result of Inherited defect of thyroid hormone synthesis
**'''[[Cervical]] goiter:''' Goiter situated on the anterior aspect of the [[neck]].
**'''Endemic goiters:''' Thyroid enlargement affecting a significant number of population in a particular locality
**'''Retrosternal goiter:''' Goiter situated behind the [[sternum]] and extending downwards.
**'''Sporadic goiters:''' Goiters that run sporadically
**'''[[Intrathoracic]] goiter:''' Goiter extending into [[thoracic cavity]].


*'''<u>Anatomical classification:</u>'''
*'''<u>Classification based on pathology:</u>'''
**'''Cervical goiter:''' Goiter situated on the anterior aspect of the neck
**'''Retrosternal goiter:''' Goiter extends downward and gets situated behind the sternum
**'''Intrathoracic goiter:''' Goiter which extends into thoracic cavity
 
*'''<u>Pathological classification:</u>'''
**Simple goiter
**Simple goiter
**Toxic goiter
**Toxic goiter
**Neoplastic goiter
**Neoplastic goiter
**Inflammatory goiter
**Inflammatory goiter
**Miscellaneous (Other rare types)
**Miscellaneous (other rare types)
 
*'''<u>Classification based on function:</u>'''
**'''Toxic goiter:''' Goiter associated with [[thyroid]] [[hyperfunction]] ([[hyperthyroidism]])
**'''Non-toxic goiter:''' Goiter associated with [[Hypofunctioning thyroid|thyroid hypofunction]] ([[hypothyroidism]]) or normal thyroid function ([[Euthyroid]])


*'''<u>Functional classification:</u>'''
*'''<u>Classification based on morphology:</u>'''  
**'''Toxic goiter:''' Type of goiter associated with thyroid hyperfunction (hyperthyroidism)
**'''Non-toxic goiter:''' Type of goiter associated with thyroid hypofunction (hypothyroidism) or normal thyroid function (Euthyroid)


*'''<u>Morphological classification:</u>''' According to the texture of the gland
* According to the texture of the [[thyroid gland]]:
**Diffuse goiter
** Diffuse goiter
**Nodular goiter
** Nodular goiter:
***Solitary nodular goiter
***Solitary nodular goiter
***Multinodular goiter
***[[Multinodular goiter]]


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 15:14, 18 November 2017

Goiter Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Goiter from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Goiter classification On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Goiter classification

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Goiter classification

CDC on Goiter classification

Goiter classification in the news

Blogs on Goiter classification

Directions to Hospitals Treating Cushing’s disease

Risk calculators and risk factors for Goiter classification

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aravind Reddy Kothagadi M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

In 1974, the international committee of thyroid pathologists published the first WHO histological classification of thyroid tumors which had served as a basis for various clinical, pathological, and epidemiological studies. Goiter may also be classified according to various classification methods based on etiological, epidemiological, anatomical, pathological, functional and morphological factors.

Classification

In 1974, an international committee of thyroid pathologists published the first WHO histological classification of thyroid tumors which had served as a basis for various clinical, pathological, and epidemiological studies.[1]

  • Classification based on epidemiology:
  • Classification based on anatomy:
  • Classification based on pathology:
    • Simple goiter
    • Toxic goiter
    • Neoplastic goiter
    • Inflammatory goiter
    • Miscellaneous (other rare types)
  • Classification based on morphology:

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Hedinger C, Williams ED, Sobin LH (1989). "The WHO histological classification of thyroid tumors: a commentary on the second edition". Cancer. 63 (5): 908–11. PMID 2914297.
  2. ↑ Else, J. Earl (1926). "A SIMPLE CLASSIFICATION OF GOITER". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 87 (18): 1465. doi:10.1001/jama.1926.02680180037009. ISSN 0098-7484.
  3. ↑ Werner, Sidney C. (1969). "Classification of Thyroid Disease". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 29 (6): 860–862. doi:10.1210/jcem-29-6-860. ISSN 0021-972X.
  4. ↑ Mercante, Giuseppe; Gabrielli, Enrico; Pedroni, Corrado; Formisano, Debora; Bertolini, Laura; Nicoli, Franco; Valcavi, Roberto; Barbieri, Verter (2011). "CT cross-sectional imaging classification system for substernal goiter based on risk factors for an extracervical surgical approach". Head & Neck. 33 (6): 792–799. doi:10.1002/hed.21539. ISSN 1043-3074.
  5. ↑ Crile, George; Hazard, John B. (1951). "CLASSIFICATION OF THYROIDITIS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE USE OF NEEDLE BIOPSY*". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 11 (10): 1123–1127. doi:10.1210/jcem-11-10-1123. ISSN 0021-972X.
  6. ↑ deSouza FM, Smith PE (1983). "Retrosternal goiter". J Otolaryngol. 12 (6): 393–6. PMID 6663666.
  7. ↑ Castaneda, Rutila; Lechuga, Diana; Ramos, Rosa Isela; Magos, Clementina; Orozco, Maribel; Martiacute;nez, Homero (2002). "Endemic goiter in pregnant women: utility of the simplified classification of thyroid size by palpation and urinary iodine as screening tests". BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 109 (12): 1366–1372. doi:10.1046/j.1471-0528.2002.00306.x. ISSN 1470-0328.
  8. ↑ Carnell, N. Eric; Valente, William A. (1998). "Thyroid Nodules in Graves' Disease: Classification, Characterization, and Response to Treatment". Thyroid. 8 (7): 571–576. doi:10.1089/thy.1998.8.571. ISSN 1050-7256.
  9. ↑ Monaco, Fabrizio (2003). "Classification of Thyroid Diseases: Suggestions for a Revision". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 88 (4): 1428–1432. doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021260. ISSN 0021-972X.
  10. ↑ Huins, Charles T.; Georgalas, Christos; Mehrzad, Homoyoon; Tolley, Neil S. (2008). "A new classification system for retrosternal goitre based on a systematic review of its complications and management". International Journal of Surgery. 6 (1): 71–76. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2007.02.003. ISSN 1743-9191.
  11. ↑ Crile, George; Hazard, John B.; Dinsmore, Robert S. (1948). "CARCINOMA OF THE THYROID GLAND, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO A CLINICOPATHOLOGIC CLASSIFICATION*". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 8 (9): 762–765. doi:10.1210/jcem-8-9-762. ISSN 0021-972X.
  12. ↑ Passler, Christian; Prager, Gerhard; Scheuba, Christian; Kaserer, Klaus; Zettinig, Georg; Niederle, Bruno (2003). "Application of Staging Systems for Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma in an Endemic Goiter Region With Iodine Substitution". Annals of Surgery. 237 (2): 227–234. doi:10.1097/01.SLA.0000048449.69472.81. ISSN 0003-4932.
  13. ↑ Woolner, Lewis B.; Beahrs, Oliver H.; Black, B.Marden; McConahey, William M.; Keating, F.Raymond (1961). "Classification and prognosis of thyroid carcinoma". The American Journal of Surgery. 102 (3): 354–387. doi:10.1016/0002-9610(61)90527-X. ISSN 0002-9610.
  14. ↑ Passler, C (2004). "Prognostic factors of papillary and follicular thyroid cancer: differences in an iodine-replete endemic goiter region". Endocrine Related Cancer. 11 (1): 131–139. doi:10.1677/erc.0.0110131. ISSN 1351-0088.

Template:WH Template:WS

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Goiter_classification&oldid=1390574"