Goiter classification: Difference between revisions

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{{Goiter}}
{{Goiter}}


{{CMG}}; {{AE}}  
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{ARK}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
*In 1974, an international committee of thyroid pathologists published the first WHO histological classification of thyroid tumours which had served as a basis for various clinical, pathological, and  epidemiological studies
In 1974, the international committee of thyroid [[pathologists]] published the first [[WHO]] [[histological]] [[classification]] of [[thyroid]] [[tumors]] which had served as a basis for various [[clinical]], [[pathological]], and  [[epidemiological]] studies. Goiter may also be classified according to various [[classification]] methods based on etiological, [[epidemiological]], [[anatomical]], [[pathological]], functional and morphological factors.
*Goiter may also be classified according to various classification methods based on etiological, epidemiological, anatomical, pathological, functional and morphological factors.


==Classification==
==Classification==
*In 1974, an international committee of thyroid pathologists published the first WHO histological classification of thyroid tumours which had served as a basis for various clinical, pathological, and  epidemiological studies. <ref name="pmid2914297">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hedinger C, Williams ED, Sobin LH |title=The WHO histological classification of thyroid tumors: a commentary on the second edition |journal=Cancer |volume=63 |issue=5 |pages=908–11 |year=1989 |pmid=2914297 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
In 1974, an international committee of thyroid [[pathologists]] published the first [[WHO]] [[histological]] [[classification]] of thyroid [[tumors]] which had served as a basis for various [[clinical]], [[pathological]], and  [[epidemiological]] studies.<ref name="pmid2914297">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hedinger C, Williams ED, Sobin LH |title=The WHO histological classification of thyroid tumors: a commentary on the second edition |journal=Cancer |volume=63 |issue=5 |pages=908–11 |year=1989 |pmid=2914297 |doi= |url=}}</ref>


*WHO Histological Classification of Thyroid Tumors, Second edition (1988) <ref name="pmid2914297">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hedinger C, Williams ED, Sobin LH |title=The WHO histological classification of thyroid tumors: a commentary on the second edition |journal=Cancer |volume=63 |issue=5 |pages=908–11 |year=1989 |pmid=2914297 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*'''WHO Histological Classification of Thyroid Tumors, Second edition (1988):'''<ref name="pmid2914297">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hedinger C, Williams ED, Sobin LH |title=The WHO histological classification of thyroid tumors: a commentary on the second edition |journal=Cancer |volume=63 |issue=5 |pages=908–11 |year=1989 |pmid=2914297 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="Else1926">{{cite journal|last1=Else|first1=J. Earl|title=A SIMPLE CLASSIFICATION OF GOITER|journal=JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association|volume=87|issue=18|year=1926|pages=1465|issn=0098-7484|doi=10.1001/jama.1926.02680180037009}}</ref>  
**'''Epithelial tumors'''
**'''Epithelial tumors'''
***'''''Benign'''''
***'''''Benign'''''
****''Follicular adenoma''
****''Follicular [[adenoma]]''
****''Others''  
****''Others''  
***'''''Malignant'''''
***'''''Malignant'''''
****''Follicular carcinoma''
****''[[Follicular carcinoma of the Thyroid|Follicular carcinoma]]''
****''Papillary carcinoma''
****''[[Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid|Papillary carcinoma]]''
****''Medullary carcinoma''
****''[[Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid|Medullary carcinoma]]''
****''Undifferentiated (anaplastic) carcinoma''
****''Undifferentiated ([[anaplastic]]) [[carcinoma]]''
****''Others''
****''Others''
**'''Nonepithelial tumors'''
**'''Nonepithelial tumors'''
***''Benign''  
***''[[Benign]]''  
***''Malignant''  
***''[[Malignant]]''  
**'''Malignant lymphomas'''
**'''[[Malignant lymphoma|Malignant lymphomas]]'''
**'''Miscellaneous tumors'''
**'''Miscellaneous tumors'''
**'''Secondary tumors'''
**'''Secondary tumors'''
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**'''Tumor-like  lesions'''
**'''Tumor-like  lesions'''


*Goiter may be also be classified according to various classification methods based on the following factors:
*'''<u>Goiter may be also be classified according to various classification methods based on the following criteria</u>''':<ref name="Werner1969">{{cite journal|last1=Werner|first1=Sidney C.|title=Classification of Thyroid Disease|journal=The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism|volume=29|issue=6|year=1969|pages=860–862|issn=0021-972X|doi=10.1210/jcem-29-6-860}}</ref><ref name="MercanteGabrielli2011">{{cite journal|last1=Mercante|first1=Giuseppe|last2=Gabrielli|first2=Enrico|last3=Pedroni|first3=Corrado|last4=Formisano|first4=Debora|last5=Bertolini|first5=Laura|last6=Nicoli|first6=Franco|last7=Valcavi|first7=Roberto|last8=Barbieri|first8=Verter|title=CT cross-sectional imaging classification system for substernal goiter based on risk factors for an extracervical surgical approach|journal=Head & Neck|volume=33|issue=6|year=2011|pages=792–799|issn=10433074|doi=10.1002/hed.21539}}</ref><ref name="CrileHazard1951">{{cite journal|last1=Crile|first1=George|last2=Hazard|first2=John B.|title=CLASSIFICATION OF THYROIDITIS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE USE OF NEEDLE BIOPSY*|journal=The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism|volume=11|issue=10|year=1951|pages=1123–1127|issn=0021-972X|doi=10.1210/jcem-11-10-1123}}</ref><ref name="pmid6663666">{{cite journal |vauthors=deSouza FM, Smith PE |title=Retrosternal goiter |journal=J Otolaryngol |volume=12 |issue=6 |pages=393–6 |year=1983 |pmid=6663666 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="CastanedaLechuga2002">{{cite journal|last1=Castaneda|first1=Rutila|last2=Lechuga|first2=Diana|last3=Ramos|first3=Rosa Isela|last4=Magos|first4=Clementina|last5=Orozco|first5=Maribel|last6=Martiacute;nez|first6=Homero|title=Endemic goiter in pregnant women: utility of the simplified classification of thyroid size by palpation and urinary iodine as screening tests|journal=BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology|volume=109|issue=12|year=2002|pages=1366–1372|issn=1470-0328|doi=10.1046/j.1471-0528.2002.00306.x}}</ref><ref name="CarnellValente1998">{{cite journal|last1=Carnell|first1=N. Eric|last2=Valente|first2=William A.|title=Thyroid Nodules in Graves' Disease: Classification, Characterization, and Response to Treatment|journal=Thyroid|volume=8|issue=7|year=1998|pages=571–576|issn=1050-7256|doi=10.1089/thy.1998.8.571}}</ref><ref name="Monaco2003">{{cite journal|last1=Monaco|first1=Fabrizio|title=Classification of Thyroid Diseases: Suggestions for a Revision|journal=The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism|volume=88|issue=4|year=2003|pages=1428–1432|issn=0021-972X|doi=10.1210/jc.2002-021260}}</ref><ref name="HuinsGeorgalas2008">{{cite journal|last1=Huins|first1=Charles T.|last2=Georgalas|first2=Christos|last3=Mehrzad|first3=Homoyoon|last4=Tolley|first4=Neil S.|title=A new classification system for retrosternal goitre based on a systematic review of its complications and management|journal=International Journal of Surgery|volume=6|issue=1|year=2008|pages=71–76|issn=17439191|doi=10.1016/j.ijsu.2007.02.003}}</ref><ref name="CrileHazard1948">{{cite journal|last1=Crile|first1=George|last2=Hazard|first2=John B.|last3=Dinsmore|first3=Robert S.|title=CARCINOMA OF THE THYROID GLAND, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO A CLINICOPATHOLOGIC CLASSIFICATION*|journal=The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism|volume=8|issue=9|year=1948|pages=762–765|issn=0021-972X|doi=10.1210/jcem-8-9-762}}</ref><ref name="PasslerPrager2003">{{cite journal|last1=Passler|first1=Christian|last2=Prager|first2=Gerhard|last3=Scheuba|first3=Christian|last4=Kaserer|first4=Klaus|last5=Zettinig|first5=Georg|last6=Niederle|first6=Bruno|title=Application of Staging Systems for Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma in an Endemic Goiter Region With Iodine Substitution|journal=Annals of Surgery|volume=237|issue=2|year=2003|pages=227–234|issn=0003-4932|doi=10.1097/01.SLA.0000048449.69472.81}}</ref><ref name="WoolnerBeahrs1961">{{cite journal|last1=Woolner|first1=Lewis B.|last2=Beahrs|first2=Oliver H.|last3=Black|first3=B.Marden|last4=McConahey|first4=William M.|last5=Keating|first5=F.Raymond|title=Classification and prognosis of thyroid carcinoma|journal=The American Journal of Surgery|volume=102|issue=3|year=1961|pages=354–387|issn=00029610|doi=10.1016/0002-9610(61)90527-X}}</ref><ref name="Passler2004">{{cite journal|last1=Passler|first1=C|title=Prognostic factors of papillary and follicular thyroid cancer: differences in an iodine-replete endemic goiter region|journal=Endocrine Related Cancer|volume=11|issue=1|year=2004|pages=131–139|issn=1351-0088|doi=10.1677/erc.0.0110131}}</ref>
**Etiological classification
**''[[Classification]] based on [[etiology]]''
**Epidemiological classification
**''[[Classification]] based on [[epidemiology]]''
**Anatomical classification
**''[[Classification]] based on [[anatomy]]''
**Pathological classification
**''[[Classification]] based on [[pathology]]''
**Functional classification
**''[[Classification]] based on [[Function (biology)|function]]''
**Morphological classification
**''[[Classification]] based on [[morphology]]''
 
*'''<u>Classification based on etiology:</u>'''
**'''Physiological goiter:''' Goiter occurring due to increased [[metabolic]] demand of [[thyroid hormones]] (during [[pregnancy]] or [[puberty]]).
**'''Pathological goiter:''' Goiter occurring as a result of the [[diseases]] affecting the [[thyroid gland]] e.g. [[neoplastic]] or [[inflammatory]] conditions.
 
*'''<u>Classification based on epidemiology:</u>'''
**'''Familial goiters:''' Goiter occurring as an inherited defect of [[thyroid hormone]] [[synthesis]].
**'''Endemic goiters:''' [[Enlargement of thyroid|Thyroid enlargement]] observed in a significant number of [[population]] in a particular locality.
**'''Sporadic goiters:''' Goiter occuring sporadically.
 
*'''<u>Classification based on anatomy:</u>'''
**'''[[Cervical]] goiter:''' Goiter situated on the anterior aspect of the [[neck]].
**'''Retrosternal goiter:''' Goiter situated behind the [[sternum]] and extending downwards.
**'''[[Intrathoracic]] goiter:''' Goiter extending into [[thoracic cavity]].
 
*'''<u>Classification based on pathology:</u>'''
**Simple goiter
**Toxic goiter
**Neoplastic goiter
**Inflammatory goiter
**Miscellaneous (other rare types)
 
*'''<u>Classification based on function:</u>'''
**'''Toxic goiter:''' Goiter associated with [[thyroid]] [[hyperfunction]] ([[hyperthyroidism]])
**'''Non-toxic goiter:''' Goiter associated with [[Hypofunctioning thyroid|thyroid hypofunction]] ([[hypothyroidism]]) or normal thyroid function ([[Euthyroid]])
 
*'''<u>Classification based on morphology:</u>'''
 
* According to the texture of the [[thyroid gland]]:
** Diffuse goiter
** Nodular goiter:
***Solitary nodular goiter
***[[Multinodular goiter]]


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 15:14, 18 November 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aravind Reddy Kothagadi M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

In 1974, the international committee of thyroid pathologists published the first WHO histological classification of thyroid tumors which had served as a basis for various clinical, pathological, and epidemiological studies. Goiter may also be classified according to various classification methods based on etiological, epidemiological, anatomical, pathological, functional and morphological factors.

Classification

In 1974, an international committee of thyroid pathologists published the first WHO histological classification of thyroid tumors which had served as a basis for various clinical, pathological, and epidemiological studies.[1]

  • Classification based on epidemiology:
  • Classification based on anatomy:
  • Classification based on pathology:
    • Simple goiter
    • Toxic goiter
    • Neoplastic goiter
    • Inflammatory goiter
    • Miscellaneous (other rare types)
  • Classification based on morphology:

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Hedinger C, Williams ED, Sobin LH (1989). "The WHO histological classification of thyroid tumors: a commentary on the second edition". Cancer. 63 (5): 908–11. PMID 2914297.
  2. ↑ Else, J. Earl (1926). "A SIMPLE CLASSIFICATION OF GOITER". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 87 (18): 1465. doi:10.1001/jama.1926.02680180037009. ISSN 0098-7484.
  3. ↑ Werner, Sidney C. (1969). "Classification of Thyroid Disease". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 29 (6): 860–862. doi:10.1210/jcem-29-6-860. ISSN 0021-972X.
  4. ↑ Mercante, Giuseppe; Gabrielli, Enrico; Pedroni, Corrado; Formisano, Debora; Bertolini, Laura; Nicoli, Franco; Valcavi, Roberto; Barbieri, Verter (2011). "CT cross-sectional imaging classification system for substernal goiter based on risk factors for an extracervical surgical approach". Head & Neck. 33 (6): 792–799. doi:10.1002/hed.21539. ISSN 1043-3074.
  5. ↑ Crile, George; Hazard, John B. (1951). "CLASSIFICATION OF THYROIDITIS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE USE OF NEEDLE BIOPSY*". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 11 (10): 1123–1127. doi:10.1210/jcem-11-10-1123. ISSN 0021-972X.
  6. ↑ deSouza FM, Smith PE (1983). "Retrosternal goiter". J Otolaryngol. 12 (6): 393–6. PMID 6663666.
  7. ↑ Castaneda, Rutila; Lechuga, Diana; Ramos, Rosa Isela; Magos, Clementina; Orozco, Maribel; Martiacute;nez, Homero (2002). "Endemic goiter in pregnant women: utility of the simplified classification of thyroid size by palpation and urinary iodine as screening tests". BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 109 (12): 1366–1372. doi:10.1046/j.1471-0528.2002.00306.x. ISSN 1470-0328.
  8. ↑ Carnell, N. Eric; Valente, William A. (1998). "Thyroid Nodules in Graves' Disease: Classification, Characterization, and Response to Treatment". Thyroid. 8 (7): 571–576. doi:10.1089/thy.1998.8.571. ISSN 1050-7256.
  9. ↑ Monaco, Fabrizio (2003). "Classification of Thyroid Diseases: Suggestions for a Revision". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 88 (4): 1428–1432. doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021260. ISSN 0021-972X.
  10. ↑ Huins, Charles T.; Georgalas, Christos; Mehrzad, Homoyoon; Tolley, Neil S. (2008). "A new classification system for retrosternal goitre based on a systematic review of its complications and management". International Journal of Surgery. 6 (1): 71–76. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2007.02.003. ISSN 1743-9191.
  11. ↑ Crile, George; Hazard, John B.; Dinsmore, Robert S. (1948). "CARCINOMA OF THE THYROID GLAND, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO A CLINICOPATHOLOGIC CLASSIFICATION*". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 8 (9): 762–765. doi:10.1210/jcem-8-9-762. ISSN 0021-972X.
  12. ↑ Passler, Christian; Prager, Gerhard; Scheuba, Christian; Kaserer, Klaus; Zettinig, Georg; Niederle, Bruno (2003). "Application of Staging Systems for Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma in an Endemic Goiter Region With Iodine Substitution". Annals of Surgery. 237 (2): 227–234. doi:10.1097/01.SLA.0000048449.69472.81. ISSN 0003-4932.
  13. ↑ Woolner, Lewis B.; Beahrs, Oliver H.; Black, B.Marden; McConahey, William M.; Keating, F.Raymond (1961). "Classification and prognosis of thyroid carcinoma". The American Journal of Surgery. 102 (3): 354–387. doi:10.1016/0002-9610(61)90527-X. ISSN 0002-9610.
  14. ↑ Passler, C (2004). "Prognostic factors of papillary and follicular thyroid cancer: differences in an iodine-replete endemic goiter region". Endocrine Related Cancer. 11 (1): 131–139. doi:10.1677/erc.0.0110131. ISSN 1351-0088.

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