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{{Legionellosis}}
{{Legionellosis}}
 
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{YD}}, {{SSK}}
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==Overview==
==Overview==
The most important [[risk factor]] in the development of legionellosis is recent exposure to either aerosolized water or contaminated water. Other [[risk factors]] include old age, concomitant [[lung disease]], active [[smoking]] status, and [[immunosuppression]].


==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==
Risk factors for Legionellosis are:
Risk factors of legionellosis include:<ref name="cdc">Top 10 Things Every Clinician Needs to Know About Legionellosis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed on August 5, 2015. http://www.cdc.gov/legionella/clinicians.html</ref>
 
* '''Exposure to aquatic enviroments: aerosolized water, contaminated drinking water, whirlpool spas, water supply systems, or cooling towers (most important risk factors)'''
===Common Risk Factors===
* Old Age (> 50 years)
* Old age (usually 65 years of age or older)
* Recent travel with an overnight stay outside of the home
* Smokers
* Current or former smokers
* Chronic lung disease (like [[emphysema]])
* Recent exposure to repairs or maintenance work on domestic plumbing
* [[Alcoholism]]
* Chronic lung disease (namely [[COPD]])
* [[Diabetes]]
*[[Diabetes mellitus]]
* [[Renal failure]]
*[[Hepatic insufficiency]]
 
*[[Renal insufficiency]]
===Less Common Risk Factors===
* [[Immunosuppression]]
Weaker immune system from the following also increases the risk of Legionella infection:
* [[Malignancy]]
* [[Cancer]]
* [[Hepatic failure]]
* [[Chemotherapy]]
* Exposure to whirlpool spas.
* Recent repairs or maintenance work on domestic plumbing.
* [[Transplantation]]
* Long-term use of a breathing machine (ventilator)
 
The following patients should be tested for Legionnaires' disease:
 
* Hospitalized patients with enigmatic [[pneumonia]]
* Patients with enigmatic pneumonia sufficiently severe to require care in the [[ICU]]
* Compromised host with pneumonia
* Patients with pneumonia in the setting of a legionellosis outbreak
* Patients who fail to respond to treatment to a [[ß-lactam]] or [[cephalosporin]]
* Patients with a travel history [patients that have traveled away from their home within two weeks before the onset of illness.]
* Patients suspected of [[nosocomial pneumonia]] with unknown etiology


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}


[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Bacterial diseases]]
[[Category:Medical disasters]]
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Latest revision as of 18:09, 18 September 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, M.D., Serge Korjian M.D.

Overview

The most important risk factor in the development of legionellosis is recent exposure to either aerosolized water or contaminated water. Other risk factors include old age, concomitant lung disease, active smoking status, and immunosuppression.

Risk Factors

Risk factors of legionellosis include:[1]

  • Exposure to aquatic enviroments: aerosolized water, contaminated drinking water, whirlpool spas, water supply systems, or cooling towers (most important risk factors)
  • Old Age (> 50 years)
  • Recent travel with an overnight stay outside of the home
  • Current or former smokers
  • Recent exposure to repairs or maintenance work on domestic plumbing
  • Chronic lung disease (namely COPD)
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Hepatic insufficiency
  • Renal insufficiency
  • Immunosuppression
  • Malignancy

References

  1. Top 10 Things Every Clinician Needs to Know About Legionellosis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed on August 5, 2015. http://www.cdc.gov/legionella/clinicians.html

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