Donovanosis pathophysiology: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
m (Changes made per Mahshid's request)
 
(4 intermediate revisions by one other user not shown)
Line 6: Line 6:


==Overview==
==Overview==
''Klebsiella granulomatis'' may be transmitted through sexual contact, direct contact, or fecal contamination. ''K. granulomatis'' may also [[Autoinoculation|autoinoculate]], resulting in multiple lesions. The pathogenesis of ''K. granulomatis'' is not well characterized. ''K. granulomatis'' replicates intracellularly within [[monocytes]] after being [[Phagocytosis|phagocytosed]]. Monocytes eventually rupture, recruiting additional monocytes and causing the formation of [[granulomas]]. On microscopic examination, [[pleomorphic]] Donovan bodies can be seen within the cytoplasm or [[phagosomes]] of monocytes.


==Pathophysiology==
==Pathophysiology==
===Transmission===
===Transmission===
*''Klebsiella granulomatis'' may be transmitted through sexual contact.
*Although donovanosisis is typically considered a [[sexually transmitted disease]], studies indicate it may also develop through fecal [[contamination]] or direct contact.
*''K. granulomatis'' may also [[Autoinoculation|autoinoculate]], resulting in multiple lesions that appear to be mirror images of each other.<ref name="O'Farrell">{{cite journal| author=O'Farrell N| title=Donovanosis. | journal=Sex Transm Infect | year= 2002 | volume= 78 | issue= 6 | pages= 452-7 | pmid=12473810 | doi= | pmc=PMC1758360 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12473810  }} </ref>
===Pathogenesis===
===Pathogenesis===
====Virulence Factors====
*The pathogenesis of ''K. granulomatis'' is not well characterized.
====Adhesion====
*''K. granulomatis'' is [[Phagocytosis|phagocytosed]] by [[macrophages]].
*''K. granulomatis'' is able to avoid destruction and replicates intracellularly within these [[monocytes]].
*Monocytes eventually rupture, recruiting additional monocytes and causing the formation of [[granulomas]].<ref name=" O'Farrell"></ref><ref name="Richens"></ref>


==Associated Conditions==
==Microscopic Pathology==
*Donovan bodies (''K. granulomatis'') are seen within [[Phagosome|phagosomes]] or in the cytoplasm of [[Monocyte|monocytes]] or [[Histiocyte|histocytes]].
*Morphology of Donovan bodies:
:*[[Pleomorphic]] ranging from [[coccus]] to [[bacillus]]
:*1-2 X 0.5-0.7 μm
:*May or may not be capsulated
:*Non-motile
*[[Epidermis]] of lesion borders show a degree of [[hyperplasia]].
*A dense infiltrate of [[Plasma cell|plasma cells]] is seen in the [[dermis]].<ref name="Richens">{{cite journal| author=Richens J| title=The diagnosis and treatment of donovanosis (granuloma inguinale). | journal=Genitourin Med | year= 1991 | volume= 67 | issue= 6 | pages= 441-52 | pmid=1774048 | doi= | pmc=PMC1194766 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1774048  }} </ref>


==Gross Pathology==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}


==Microscopic Pathology==
The proper clinical designation for donovanosis is ''granuloma inguinale''.<ref>Murray P. et al. (2005), ''Medical Microbiology, fifth ed.'', Elsevier Mosby, p. 336.</ref>  [[Granuloma]] is a nodular type of inflammatory reaction, and inguinale refers to the [[inguinal]] region, which is commonly involved in this infection. The disease is commonly known as ''donovanosis'', after the Donovan Bodies which are a diagnostic sign. Discovered by a researcher named Donovan, these intracellular inclusions represent bacteria that have been engulfed by scavenger cells called mononuclear phagocytes or [[histiocytes]]. 
==References==
<references/>
[[Category:Sexually transmitted infections]]
[[Category:Sexually transmitted infections]]
[[Category:Bacterial diseases]]
[[Category:Bacterial diseases]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
 
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Needs content]]
[[Category:Needs content]]
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}

Latest revision as of 17:37, 18 September 2017

Donovanosis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Classification

Differentiating Donovanosis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Prevention

Case Studies

Case #1

Donovanosis pathophysiology On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Donovanosis pathophysiology

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Donovanosis pathophysiology

CDC on Donovanosis pathophysiology

Donovanosis pathophysiology in the news

Blogs on Donovanosis pathophysiology

Directions to Hospitals Treating Donovanosis

Risk calculators and risk factors for Donovanosis pathophysiology

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kalsang Dolma, M.B.B.S.[2]; Nate Michalak, B.A.

Please help WikiDoc by adding more content here. It's easy! Click here to learn about editing.

Overview

Klebsiella granulomatis may be transmitted through sexual contact, direct contact, or fecal contamination. K. granulomatis may also autoinoculate, resulting in multiple lesions. The pathogenesis of K. granulomatis is not well characterized. K. granulomatis replicates intracellularly within monocytes after being phagocytosed. Monocytes eventually rupture, recruiting additional monocytes and causing the formation of granulomas. On microscopic examination, pleomorphic Donovan bodies can be seen within the cytoplasm or phagosomes of monocytes.

Pathophysiology

Transmission

  • Klebsiella granulomatis may be transmitted through sexual contact.
  • Although donovanosisis is typically considered a sexually transmitted disease, studies indicate it may also develop through fecal contamination or direct contact.
  • K. granulomatis may also autoinoculate, resulting in multiple lesions that appear to be mirror images of each other.[1]

Pathogenesis

  • The pathogenesis of K. granulomatis is not well characterized.
  • K. granulomatis is phagocytosed by macrophages.
  • K. granulomatis is able to avoid destruction and replicates intracellularly within these monocytes.
  • Monocytes eventually rupture, recruiting additional monocytes and causing the formation of granulomas.[1][2]

Microscopic Pathology

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 O'Farrell N (2002). "Donovanosis". Sex Transm Infect. 78 (6): 452–7. PMC 1758360. PMID 12473810.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Richens J (1991). "The diagnosis and treatment of donovanosis (granuloma inguinale)". Genitourin Med. 67 (6): 441–52. PMC 1194766. PMID 1774048.

Template:WikiDoc Sources