Chromosomal translocation

(Redirected from Translocations)
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Chromosomal translocation of the 4th and 20th chromosome.

WikiDoc Resources for Chromosomal translocation

Articles

Most recent articles on Chromosomal translocation

Most cited articles on Chromosomal translocation

Review articles on Chromosomal translocation

Articles on Chromosomal translocation in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ

Media

Powerpoint slides on Chromosomal translocation

Images of Chromosomal translocation

Photos of Chromosomal translocation

Podcasts & MP3s on Chromosomal translocation

Videos on Chromosomal translocation

Evidence Based Medicine

Cochrane Collaboration on Chromosomal translocation

Bandolier on Chromosomal translocation

TRIP on Chromosomal translocation

Clinical Trials

Ongoing Trials on Chromosomal translocation at Clinical Trials.gov

Trial results on Chromosomal translocation

Clinical Trials on Chromosomal translocation at Google

Guidelines / Policies / Govt

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Chromosomal translocation

NICE Guidance on Chromosomal translocation

NHS PRODIGY Guidance

FDA on Chromosomal translocation

CDC on Chromosomal translocation

Books

Books on Chromosomal translocation

News

Chromosomal translocation in the news

Be alerted to news on Chromosomal translocation

News trends on Chromosomal translocation

Commentary

Blogs on Chromosomal translocation

Definitions

Definitions of Chromosomal translocation

Patient Resources / Community

Patient resources on Chromosomal translocation

Discussion groups on Chromosomal translocation

Patient Handouts on Chromosomal translocation

Directions to Hospitals Treating Chromosomal translocation

Risk calculators and risk factors for Chromosomal translocation

Healthcare Provider Resources

Symptoms of Chromosomal translocation

Causes & Risk Factors for Chromosomal translocation

Diagnostic studies for Chromosomal translocation

Treatment of Chromosomal translocation

Continuing Medical Education (CME)

CME Programs on Chromosomal translocation

International

Chromosomal translocation en Espanol

Chromosomal translocation en Francais

Business

Chromosomal translocation in the Marketplace

Patents on Chromosomal translocation

Experimental / Informatics

List of terms related to Chromosomal translocation

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]


In genetics, a chromosome translocation is a chromosome abnormality caused by rearrangement of parts between nonhomologous chromosomes. It is detected on cytogenetics or a karyotype of affected cells. There are two main types, reciprocal (also known as non-Robertsonian) and Robertsonian. Also, translocations can be balanced (in an even exchange of material with no genetic information extra or missing, and ideally full functionality) or unbalanced (where the exchange of chromosome material is unequal resulting in extra or missing genes).

Reciprocal (non-Robertsonian) translocations

Reciprocal translocations are usually an exchange of material between nonhomologous chromosomes. They are found in about 1 in 600 human newborns. Such translocations are usually harmless and may be found through prenatal diagnosis. However, carriers of balanced reciprocal translocations have increased risks of creating gametes with unbalanced chromosome translocations leading to miscarriages or children with abnormalities. Genetic counseling and genetic testing is often offered to families that may carry a translocation.

Robertsonian translocations

This type of rearrangement involves two acrocentric chromosomes that fuse near the centromere region with loss of the short arms. The resulting karyotype in humans leaves only 45 chromosomes since two chromosomes have fused together. Robertsonian translocations have been seen involving all combinations of acrocentric chromosomes. The most common translocation in human involves chromosomes 13 and 14 and is seen in about 1 in 1300 persons. Like other translocations, carriers of Robertsonian translocations are phenotypically normal, but there is a risk of unbalanced gametes which lead to miscarriages or abnormal offspring. For example, carriers of Robertsonian translocations involving chromosome 21 have a higher chance to have a child with Down syndrome.

Some human diseases caused by translocations are:

By chromosome

Denotation

The International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (ISCN) is used to denote a translocation between chromosomes.[1] The designation t(A;B)(p1;q2) is used to denote a translocation between chromosome A and chromosome B. The information in the second set of parentheses, when given, gives the precise location within the chromosome for chromosomes A and B respectively—with p indicating the short arm of the chromosome, q indicating the long arm, and the numbers after p or q refers to regions, bands and subbands seen when staining the chromosome with a staining dye. See also the definiton of a genetic locus.

Named translocations

See also

References

  1. Schaffer, Lisa. (2005) International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature S. Karger AG ISBN 978-3805580199

ar:إزفاء صبغي ca:Translocació de:Translokation (Genetik) it:Traslocazione (cromosoma) he:טרנסלוקציה כרומוזומלית lt:Translokacija nl:Translocatie no:Translokasjon


Template:WikiDoc Sources