Toxic multinodular goiter epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
The incidence of toxic multinodular goiter is estimated to be 4.8 cases per 100,000 population per year. The prevalence of toxic multinodular goiter is 100 cases per 100,000 population and accounts for 5% of all patients with hyperthyroidism. Toxic multinodular goiter commonly affects individuals older than 60 years of age. The frequency of toxic multinodular goiter increases with age. Females are more commonly affected by toxic multinodular goiter than men.
Epidemiology and Demographics
The epidemiology and demographics of toxic multinodular goiter is as below:[1][2][3][4][5][6]
Incidence
- The incidence of toxic multinodular goiter is estimated to be 4.8 cases per 100,000 population per year.
Prevalence
- The prevalence of toxic multinodular goiter is 100 cases per 100,000 population and accounts for 5% of all patients with hyperthyroidism.
- The prevalence of toxic adenomas in United States was estimated to be 1.6% of 2,846 thyrotoxic patients in a research done in Cleveland. In other words, the prevalence of toxic adenomas in United States is 1,580 cases per 100,000 population.
Age
- Toxic multinodular goiter commonly affects individuals older than 60 years of age.
- Hyperthyroidism associated with an autonomous nodule occurred in 57% of patients aged more than 60 years, whereas 13% of those younger than 60 years were hyperthyroid.
- Toxic multinodular goiter frequency increases with age.
Gender
- Females are more commonly affected by toxic multinodular goiter than men.
- The female to male ratio is 4:1 for toxic multinodular goiter.
Region
- Toxic multinodular goiter is a common disease that tends to affect African nations.
- In developed nations, European countries tend to have a higher prevalence of toxic multinodular goiter as compared to the United States.
- Toxic multinodular goiter is less common in United States. This can be attributed to iodination of table salt.
- Moreover in United States the intake of iodised salt (200 to 600 μg/day) is almost double in quantity as compared to European nations (25 to 100 μg/day).
References
- ↑ Siegel RD, Lee SL (1998). "Toxic nodular goiter. Toxic adenoma and toxic multinodular goiter". Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 27 (1): 151–68. PMID 9534034.
- ↑ Pelizzo MR, Bernante P, Toniato A, Fassina A (1997). "Frequency of thyroid carcinoma in a recent series of 539 consecutive thyroidectomies for multinodular goiter". Tumori. 83 (3): 653–5. PMID 9267482.
- ↑ Pinchera A, Aghini-Lombardi F, Antonangeli L, Vitti P (1996). "[Multinodular goiter. Epidemiology and prevention]". Ann Ital Chir (in Italian). 67 (3): 317–25. PMID 9019982.
- ↑ Gabriel EM, Bergert ER, Grant CS, van Heerden JA, Thompson GB, Morris JC (1999). "Germline polymorphism of codon 727 of human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor is associated with toxic multinodular goiter". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84 (9): 3328–35. doi:10.1210/jcem.84.9.5966. PMID 10487707.
- ↑ Tonacchera M, Vitti P, De Servi M, Agretti P, De Marco G, Chiovato L, Pinchera A (2003). "Gain of function TSH receptor mutations and iodine deficiency: implications in iodine prophylaxis". J. Endocrinol. Invest. 26 (2 Suppl): 2–6. PMID 12762632.
- ↑ Ríos A, Rodríguez JM, Balsalobre MD, Torregrosa NM, Tebar FJ, Parrilla P (2005). "Results of surgery for toxic multinodular goiter". Surg Today. 35 (11): 901–6. doi:10.1007/s00595-004-3051-7. PMID 16249841.