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3 November 2026

• 20:3720:37, 3 November 2026 Sandbox:AR (hist | edit) [27,070 bytes] Amna Riaz (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Screening == Screening for pituitary adenomas is performed in three main clinical settings: # Individuals with a known or suspected germline predisposition to pituitary adenomas. # Patients with clinical features suggesting pituitary hormone excess. # Patients with an incidentally discovered sellar lesion. === 1. Individuals with a germline predisposition === ==== Indications for genetic evaluation ==== Genetic evaluation should be considered in patients with pit...")

2 November 2026

• 10:5110:51, 2 November 2026 Autoimmune Encephalitis clinical diagnostic criteria (hist | edit) [12,383 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} {{Autoimmune encephalitis}} ==Overview== Autoimmune encephalitis is classified as possible, probable, or definite according to the clinical syndrome and supporting evidence. The 2016 international criteria remain the basis of subsequent consensus guidance; these categories are not interchangeable.<ref name="Graus2016">{{cite journal |author=Graus F, Titulaer MJ, Balu R, et al. |title=A clinical approach to diagnosis of autoimmune encepha...")

1 November 2026

• 16:5016:50, 1 November 2026 Autoimmune Encephalitis diagnostic study of choice (hist | edit) [11,801 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} {{Autoimmune encephalitis}} ==Overview== Autoimmune encephalitis has '''no single universal diagnostic test or gold standard'''. Diagnosis combines clinical findings, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) studies, neural antibodies, MRI, EEG, and exclusion of mimics.<ref name="Hahn2024">{{cite journal |author=Hahn C, Budhram A, Alikhani K, et al. |title=Canadian Consensus Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Autoimmune Encephalitis in Adult...")
• 16:0516:05, 1 November 2026 Autoimmune Encephalitis natural history, complications and prognosis (hist | edit) [14,553 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} {{Autoimmune encephalitis}} ==Overview== Autoimmune encephalitis is potentially life-threatening, but substantial recovery is possible with appropriate treatment. The course varies with antibody subtype, associated neoplasm, attack severity, and treatment timing. Important complications include seizures, autonomic instability, respiratory compromise, and persistent cognitive or psychiatric impairment.<ref name="Hahn2024">{{cite journal |...")
• 14:4514:45, 1 November 2026 Autoimmune Encephalitis screening (hist | edit) [10,256 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} {{Autoimmune encephalitis}} ==Overview== Autoimmune encephalitis screening requires distinction between symptom-driven evaluation for encephalitis and investigation for an associated neoplasm. Current guidelines emphasize assessment of compatible clinical syndromes and appropriate tumor investigation; they do not establish a routine population-screening program for asymptomatic individuals.<ref name="Michael2026">{{cite journal |author=M...")
• 14:3314:33, 1 November 2026 Autoimmune Encephalitis risk factors (hist | edit) [10,084 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} {{Autoimmune encephalitis}} ==Overview== Autoimmune encephalitis comprises several immune-mediated brain disorders with different risk profiles. Recognized contexts include an associated tumor, previous herpes simplex encephalitis, immune checkpoint inhibitor exposure, and a background of autoimmunity. Age and sex associations depend on the antibody subtype. Many cases occur without an identified trigger.<ref name="Hahn2024">{{cite journ...")
• 13:4313:43, 1 November 2026 Autoimmune Encephalitis epidemiology and demographics (hist | edit) [13,621 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} {{Autoimmune encephalitis}} ==Overview== Autoimmune encephalitis is an uncommon group of immune-mediated brain disorders affecting children and adults. Epidemiological estimates depend on the antibody subtype, diagnostic criteria, population, and access to testing. Antibody-negative disease and differences in case ascertainment complicate comparisons between studies.<ref name="Hahn2024">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hahn C, Budhram A, Alikhan...")
• 13:1313:13, 1 November 2026 Autoimmune Encephalitis differential diagnosis (hist | edit) [20,688 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{CMG}} {{AE}} Julinka Auta Fernandes {{Autoimmune encephalitis}} '''To go back to the main page, click here.''' ==Overview== Autoimmune encephalitis must be differentiated from other diseases that cause subacute memory loss, altered mental status, psychiatric symptoms, seizures, and movement disorders. Important alternatives include infectious encephalitis, epilepsy, toxic-metabolic encephalopathy...")
• 12:1412:14, 1 November 2026 Autoimmune Encephalitis causes (hist | edit) [13,103 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} {{Autoimmune encephalitis}} '''To go back to the main page, click here.''' ==Overview== Autoimmune encephalitis results from an immune response directed against components of the central nervous system. Its etiological contexts include disease with no identified precipitating trigger, tumor-associated autoimmunity, postinfectious autoimmunity, and iatrogenic autoimmunity, particularly following immune che...")

31 October 2026

• 17:0517:05, 31 October 2026 Autoimmune Encephalitis pathophysiology (hist | edit) [23,585 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} {{Autoimmune encephalitis}} ==Overview== Autoimmune encephalitis results from immune responses against neuronal antigens that disturb synaptic signaling, alter network excitability, and, in some forms, cause neuronal destruction. The relative contributions of antibodies, T cells, complement, and other inflammatory cells differ among syndromes.<ref name="Hahn2024">Hahn C, Budhram A, Alikhani K, et al. [https://doi.org/10....")
• 14:5514:55, 31 October 2026 Autoimmune Encephalitis classification (hist | edit) [19,638 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} {{Autoimmune encephalitis}} '''To go back to the main page, click here.''' ==Overview== Autoimmune encephalitis may be classified according to antibody status and antigenic target, predominant clinical-anatomical syndrome, underlying cause, and diagnostic certainty. These classifications are complementary: a patient may simultaneously have an antibody-defined syndrome, a particular anatomica...")
• 14:3714:37, 31 October 2026 Autoimmune Encephalitis historical perspective (hist | edit) [19,380 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} {{Autoimmune encephalitis}} ==Overview== Autoimmune encephalitis developed as a disease concept through successive clinical and immunological discoveries. Early descriptions of limbic encephalitis by Brierley and colleagues in 1960 and its association with carcinoma described by Corsellis and colleagues in 1968 established important foundations.<ref name="Brierley1960">Brierley JB, Cors...")
• 13:3713:37, 31 October 2026 Autoimmune Encephalitis (patient information) (hist | edit) [14,492 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with " __NOTOC__ {{Autoimmune encephalitis}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} {| class="infobox bordered" style="width:15em; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background:AliceBlue;" |- ! style="text-align:center; background:LightSkyBlue;" | Autoimmune encephalitis<br />Patient information |- | Overview |- | Symptoms |- | Causes |- | #Who is at highest risk?|Who is at highest ri...")
• 12:5412:54, 31 October 2026 Autoimmune Encephalitis overview (hist | edit) [23,421 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<!-- Page title: Autoimmune encephalitis overview. Sources checked: 31 October 2026. --> {{CMG}} '''Contributing editor:''' Julinka Auta Fernandes '''Synonyms and keywords:''' Autoimmune encephalitides; neuronal autoantibodies; limbic encephalitis; antibody-negative autoimmune encephalitis. __TOC__ ==Overview== Autoimmune encephalitis comprises immune-mediated inflammatory brain disorders that commonly cause evolving cognitive impa...")

30 October 2026

• 22:0322:03, 30 October 2026 Autoimmune Encephalitis (hist | edit) [3,193 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ '''For patient information click here''' {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} {{SK}} Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder; NMOSD; neuromyelitis optica; NMO; Devic's disease; Devic's syndrome {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} == Overview == == Historical Perspective == == Neur...")
• 15:4815:48, 30 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder future or investigational therapies (hist | edit) [9,765 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== Research on future and investigational therapies for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) seeks to improve attack recovery, prevent relapses, and achieve more durable disease control. Important research directions include targeting antibody-producing cells, modifying antibody recycling, and immune reconstitution.<ref name="NEMOS20...")
• 14:4214:42, 30 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder cost-effectiveness of therapy (hist | edit) [7,224 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== Cost-effectiveness of therapy for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) depends on treatment costs, prevention of attacks, and the consequences of disability. A 2025 nationwide study illustrates why both medical expenditure and disability outcomes need consideration when evaluating treatment value.<ref name="Lee2025">{{cite journal...")
• 14:2914:29, 30 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder secondary prevention (hist | edit) [7,220 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== Secondary prevention of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) aims to prevent further inflammatory attacks and limit cumulative attack-related disability. Long-term immunotherapy is the cornerstone of this approach.<ref name="MENACTRIMS2026">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yamout B, Gouider R, Al-Roughani R |display-authors=etal |title...")
• 14:2014:20, 30 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder primary prevention (hist | edit) [1,954 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== Primary prevention of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) refers to preventing the initial development of the disease before its first clinical presentation. There is currently no established method for preventing NMOSD onset.<ref name="MedlinePlusNMOSD">{{cite web |title=Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder |website=MedlineP...")
• 14:1114:11, 30 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder Interventions (hist | edit) [8,529 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== Interventions in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) primarily involve therapeutic apheresis to treat acute inflammatory attacks. Prompt treatment and early escalation help limit permanent neurological disability.<ref name="MENACTRIMS2026">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yamout B, Gouider R, Al-Roughani R |display-authors=etal |title...")
• 13:5413:54, 30 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder surgery (hist | edit) [5,577 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== Surgery has no established role in treating the underlying inflammation of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). The mainstay of treatment is medical therapy for acute attacks and prevention of relapses.<ref name="NEMOS2024">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kümpfel T, Giglhuber K, Aktas O |display-authors=etal |title=Update on the dia...")
• 13:4013:40, 30 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder medical therapy (hist | edit) [10,923 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== The mainstay of treatment for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is prompt treatment of acute attacks and long-term immunotherapy to prevent relapses. Treatment selection depends on aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG) antibody status, attack severity, comorbidities, reproductive plans, and treatment availability. The 2026 Mi...")
• 10:1910:19, 30 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder other diagnostic studies (hist | edit) [5,171 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is diagnosed by integrating clinical features, serum aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG) testing, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and exclusion of alternative diagnoses.<ref name="IPND2015">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wingerchuk DM, Banwell B, Bennett JL |display-authors=etal |title=Inter...")
• 10:0110:01, 30 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder other imaging findings (hist | edit) [4,519 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) can be evaluated with optical coherence tomography (OCT) to assess retinal injury. The Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group (NEMOS) recommends OCT for supportive diagnostic information, although it is not formally required for diagnosis.<ref name="NEMOS2023">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jarius S,...")
• 09:5009:50, 30 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder echocardiography or ultrasound (hist | edit) [5,211 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) has no established disease-specific echocardiographic or ultrasonographic diagnostic criteria. Diagnosis depends on the clinical presentation, serum aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG) antibody testing, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and exclusion...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched

29 October 2026

• 19:1819:18, 29 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder MRI (hist | edit) [14,255 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) helps evaluate optic nerve, spinal cord, and brain involvement in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Findings must be interpreted together with the clinical presentation and antibody results.<ref name="IPND2015">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wingerchuk DM, Banwell B, Bennett JL |display-authors=etal...")

28 October 2026

• 20:3220:32, 28 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder CT (hist | edit) [4,232 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== Computed tomography (CT) is not included as a diagnostic imaging criterion for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) in the cited recommendations. The recommended neurological imaging assessment uses magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and spinal cord.<ref name="NEMOS2023">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jarius S, Aktas O, Ayzenberg I |display-authors=etal |title=Upda...")
• 20:0520:05, 28 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder chest x ray (hist | edit) [3,090 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== Chest X-ray findings are not included in the international consensus diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Accordingly, chest X-ray alone cannot confirm or exclude NMOSD.<ref name="IPND2015">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wingerchuk DM, Banwell B, Bennett JL |display-authors=etal |title=International consensus diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis opti...")

27 October 2026

• 19:1319:13, 27 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder electrocardiogram (hist | edit) [2,783 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== For neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), an electrocardiogram (ECG) is not included in the international consensus diagnostic criteria. Consequently, ECG alone cannot confirm or exclude NMOSD.<ref name="IPND2015">Wingerchuk DM, Banwell B, Bennett JL, et al. International consensus diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. ''Neurology''. 2015;85(2):1...")
• 13:1213:12, 27 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder laboratory findings (hist | edit) [9,997 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== * Laboratory findings consistent with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) include serum aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG) positivity and, in some patients, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammation. AQP4-IgG is the principal disease-associated laboratory marker; positivity must be interpreted with a compatible clinical syndrome and exclusion of alternative diagnose...")

23 October 2026

• 22:2822:28, 23 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder physical examination (hist | edit) [8,647 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== * Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) has no single pathognomonic physical examination finding. The examination is used to identify, localize, and document objective deficits caused by optic nerve, spinal cord, brainstem, diencephalic, or cerebral involvement.<ref name="IPND2015">Wingerchuk DM, Banwell B, Bennett JL, et al. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26092914/ I...")
• 20:1020:10, 23 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder history and symptoms (hist | edit) [7,712 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== * Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) usually presents with acute or subacute attacks involving the optic nerves, spinal cord, area postrema, brainstem, diencephalon, or cerebrum. The two clinical hallmarks are optic neuritis and acute myelitis; they may occur simultaneously but more often occur successively.<ref name="NEMOS2023">Jarius S, Aktas O, Ayzenberg I...")

21 October 2026

• 14:2314:23, 21 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder diagnostic study of choice (hist | edit) [15,800 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} '''For the WikiDoc physician page on this topic, click here.''' ==Overview== * '''Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder''' (NMOSD) is a rare autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly causes inflammation in the central nervous system, especially the nerves that carry vision from the eyes to the brain (the optic nerves), the spinal cord,...")

20 October 2026

• 20:4820:48, 20 October 2026 Sandbox:MSA (hist | edit) [0 bytes] Dr Muhammad Saad (talk | contribs) (Created blank page)
• 14:2014:20, 20 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (patient information) (hist | edit) [19,561 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} '''For the WikiDoc physician page on this topic, click here.''' ==Overview== * '''Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder''' (NMOSD) is a rare autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly causes inflammation in the central nervous system, especially the nerves that carry vision from the eyes to the brain (the optic nerves), the spinal cord,...")

19 October 2026

• 17:3917:39, 19 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder natural history, complications and prognosis (hist | edit) [18,050 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== * Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) usually follows a relapsing course characterized by acute attacks of optic neuritis, myelitis, area postrema syndrome, or other brainstem, diencephalic, or cerebral syndromes. In aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG)-positive NMOSD, the risk of relapse persists indefinitely; a mon...")
• 17:2017:20, 19 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder screening (hist | edit) [11,276 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== * There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) in asymptomatic individuals. Current recommendations from the Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group (NEMOS) and the Middle East and North Africa Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (MENACTRIMS) do not establish a population-screening program, scree...")
• 16:4216:42, 19 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder risk factors (hist | edit) [11,310 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== * Risk factors for developing neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) remain incompletely established. The most reproducible associations are female sex, higher population-level occurrence among people of Black/African ancestry and in some East Asian populations, selected immunogenetic variants, and coexisting autoimmune disease.<ref name="NEMOS2023">Jarius S, Aktas O...")
• 14:4414:44, 19 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder epidemiology and demographics (hist | edit) [10,846 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== * Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare disease reported worldwide. A 2026 systematic review and meta-analysis of 44 studies from 28 countries found a pooled prevalence of '''2.02 per 100,000 persons'''; individual study estimates ranged from '''0.23 to 10 per 100,000 persons'''.<ref name="Alvarenga2026">{{cite journal |author=Alvarenga RMP, Namen ME, Alva...")
• 14:0514:05, 19 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder differential diagnosis (hist | edit) [20,515 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== * Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) must be differentiated from other disorders that can cause optic neuritis, acute myelitis, longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis, area postrema syndrome, brainstem syndromes, or inflammatory-appearing lesions of the brain and spinal cord. * The most important inflammatory differential diagnoses are myelin o...")
• 12:4512:45, 19 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder causes (hist | edit) [8,589 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an acquired autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, but its initiating cause has not been identified. Most patients have pathogenic aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG); this autoantibody is an established disease-driving mediator, but its presence does not explain why immune tolerance...")

17 October 2026

• 14:3714:37, 17 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder pathophysiology (hist | edit) [21,989 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== * Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). In aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G-positive disease, NMOSD is primarily an antibody-mediated astrocytopathy rather than a primary disorder of myelin.<ref name="Primer2020">Jarius S, Paul F, Weinshenker BG, et al. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm...")
• 14:0014:00, 17 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder classification (hist | edit) [8,559 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== * Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is classified primarily according to serum aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG) serostatus and may additionally be described according to its clinical course. * The 2015 International Panel for Neuromyelitis Optica Diagnosis (IPND) consensus framework defines two formal serologic categories: '''NMOSD with AQP4-I...")

9 October 2026

• 13:4013:40, 9 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder historical perspective (hist | edit) [8,981 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} '''Contributing editor:''' Julinka Auta Fernandes {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} ==Overview== '''Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder''' ('''NMOSD''') has its historical roots in the optic nerve and spinal cord syndrome characterized by Eugène Devic and Fernand Gault in '''1894''', although similar cases had been reported earlier.<ref name="HISTORY2013">{{cite journal |last1=Jarius |first1=S...")
• 09:4709:47, 9 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder overview (hist | edit) [15,101 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{SI}} {{CMG}} {{SK}} ==Overview== '''Devic's disease''', also known as '''Devic's syndrome''' or '''neuromyelitis optica (NMO)''', is an autoimmune, inflammatory disorder in which a person's own immune system attacks the optic nerves and spinal cord. This produces an inflammation of the optic nerve (''optic neuritis'') and the spinal cord (''myelitis''). A...")
• 07:2207:22, 9 October 2026 Transverse myelitis secondary prevention (hist | edit) [11,205 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Transverse myelitis}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== * Secondary prevention after transverse myelitis (TM) means preventing another inflammatory spinal-cord attack after the initial event. There is no single relapse-prevention regimen for every patient because transverse myelitis is a clinical syndrome with several possible causes; preventive treatment must follow the final disease-specific diagnosis.<ref name="Tisavipat2023">Tisavipat N, Flanagan EP...")

5 October 2026

• 09:4309:43, 5 October 2026 Transverse myelitis surgery (hist | edit) [16,655 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Transverse myelitis}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== * Surgical intervention is not recommended for treating the intrinsic, noncompressive inflammatory spinal cord lesion of transverse myelitis. There is no anatomical target for decompression, and surgery does not reverse immune-mediated spinal-cord inflammation.<ref name="ACR2026">Peckham M, Hutchins TA, Amrhein TJ, et al.; Expert Panel on Neurological Imaging. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4...")