Respiratory failure classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: M. Khurram Afzal, MD [2]
Overview
Respiratory failure may be classified into several subtypes as follows; Type I, Type II, Type III, Type IV.
Classification
The classification of respiratory failure is as follows:[1]
| Respiratory Failure | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Type I | Type II | Type III | Type IV | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hypoxemic | Hypercapnic | Peri-operative | Shock | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Classification based on A-a gradient
Respiratory failure patients may have a normal or increased A-a gradient depending upon the etiology of the respiratory failure. The following table outlines the major characteristics:
| Respiratory Failure-decreased SaO2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Normal A-a gradient | Increased A-a gradient | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Normal PaCO2 | Increased PaCO2 | Hypoxemia does not correct with 100% O2 | Hypoxemia corrects with 100% O2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Decreased FiO2 or decreased PiO2 | Hypoventilation (sedation, COPD, asthma, diaphragmatic paralysis or Neuromuscular disease) | True shunt (Left to right shunts, CHF, pneumonia, atelectasis) | Vascular disease (pulmonary embolism), airway disease (COPD, asthma), alveolar filling (CHF, pneumonia) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
- ↑ Hall, Jesse (2015). "CHAPTER 43: The Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis of Acute Respiratory Failure". Principles of critical care. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. ISBN 0071738819.