Pancoast tumor primary prevention

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mazia Fatima, MBBS [2]

Overveiw

Pancoast tumor is a subtype of lung cancer localized to the lung apex. Effective measures for the primary prevention of lung cancer include smoking cessation and avoidance of second-hand smoking. Lifestyle changes, such as a healthy diet rich with fruits and vegetables and regular exercise, might decrease the risk of developing cancer in general.

Primary Prevention

  • Pancoast tumor is a subtype of lung cancer localized to the lung apex.
  • Effective measures for the primary prevention of lung cancer include:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
  • Prevention is the most cost-effective means of fighting lung cancer.
  • In most countries industrial and domestic carcinogens have been identified and banned, tobacco smoking is still widespread.
  • Eliminating tobacco smoking is a primary goal in the prevention of lung cancer, and smoking cessation is an important preventative tool in this process.
  • Policy interventions to decrease passive smoking in public areas such as restaurants and workplaces have become more common in many Western countries.
  • California has taken a lead in banning smoking in public establishments in 1998.
  • Ireland played a similar role in Europe in 2004, followed by Italy and Norway in 2005, Scotland as well as several others in 2006, and England in 2007.
  • New Zealand has also banned smoking in public places as of 2004.
  • The state of Bhutan has had a complete smoking ban since 2005.
  • In many countries, pressure groups are campaigning for similar bans. Arguments cited against such bans are criminalization of smoking, increased risk of smuggling and the risk that such a ban cannot be enforced.

References

  1. Ebbert JO, Yang P, Vachon CM, Vierkant RA, Cerhan JR, Folsom AR; et al. (2003). "Lung cancer risk reduction after smoking cessation: observations from a prospective cohort of women". J Clin Oncol. 21 (5): 921–6. PMID 12610194.
  2. Tse LA, Yu IT, Qiu H, Au JS, Wang XR, Tam W; et al. (2011). "Lung cancer decreased sharply in first 5 years after smoking cessation in Chinese men". J Thorac Oncol. 6 (10): 1670–6. doi:10.1097/JTO.0b013e3182217bd4. PMID 21747301.
  3. Villanti AC, Jiang Y, Abrams DB, Pyenson BS (2013). "A cost-utility analysis of lung cancer screening and the additional benefits of incorporating smoking cessation interventions". PLoS One. 8 (8): e71379. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071379. PMC 3737088. PMID 23940744.
  4. Barnard RJ (2004). "Prevention of Cancer Through Lifestyle Changes". Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 1 (3): 233–239. doi:10.1093/ecam/neh036. PMC 538507. PMID 15841256.
  5. Vineis, P (Feb 2007). "Lung cancers attributable to environmental tobacco smoke and air pollution in non-smokers in different European countries: a prospective study". Environmental Health. BioMed Central. 6: 7. doi:10.1186/1476-069X-6-7. PMID 17302981. Retrieved 2007-08-11. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help)
  6. Pandey, G (Feb 2005). "Bhutan's smokers face public ban". BBC. Retrieved 2007-09-07.
  7. Gray, N (Feb 2003). "A global approach to tobacco policy". Lung Cancer. BioMed Central. 39 (2): 113&ndash, 117. PMID 12581561.

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