Ovarian cancer classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Huda A. Karman, M.D.
Overview
Ovarian cancer may be classified according to the histology of the tumor, obtained in a pathology report. Based on the classification, the management of ovarian cancer is directed and determined. The main four types of ovarian cancer are Surface epithelial-stromal tumour, Sex cord-stromal tumor, Germ cell tumor, and Mixed tumors.
Classification
- Histology dictates many aspects of clinical treatment, management, and prognosis.[1][2][3][4]
- Surface epithelial-stromal tumor, including serous and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, is the most common type of ovarian cancer.
- Sex cord-stromal tumor, including estrogen-producing granulosa cell tumor and virilizing Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor or arrhenoblastoma, accounts for 8% of ovarian cancers.
- Germ cell tumor accounts for approximately 5% of ovarian cancers. It tends to occur in young women and girls, and has a better prognosis than other ovarian tumors.
- Mixed tumors, containing elements of more than one tumor histology
- Ovarian cancer often is primary, but can also be secondary, the result of metastasis from a primary cancer elsewhere in the body. For example, from breast cancer, or from gastrointestinal cancer (in which case the ovarian cancer is a Krukenberg cancer). Surface epithelial-stromal tumor can originate in the lining of the abdominal cavity, in which case the ovarian cancer is secondary to primary peritoneal cancer, but treatment is basically the same as for primary ovarian cancer of this type. [1][2][3][4][5][6]
| Ovarian cancer Types | Ovarian cancer subtypes |
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| Surface epithelial-stromal tumour (60-70%) | Ovarian serous tumor |
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| Ovarian mucinous tumor | |
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| Ovarian endometrioid tumour | |
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| Brenner tumour | |
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| Squamous cell carcinoma of the ovary | |
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| Ovarian cystadenofibroma / ovarian adenofibroma | |
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| Ovarian cystadenocarcinofibroma | |
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| Undifferentiated carcinoma of the ovary | |
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| Germ cell ovarian tumor (~20%) | Ovarian teratoma: commonest primary benign tumour of ovary |
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| Ovarian dysgerminoma | |
| Ovarian yolk sac tumour | |
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| Ovarian embryonal carcinoma | |
| Ovarian choriocarcinoma | |
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| Pure primary ovarian choriocarcinoma | |
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| Malignant mixed germ cell tumour of the ovary | |
| Sex cord / stromal ovarian tumor (8-10%)[5][6] | Ovarian fibrothecoma |
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| Ovarian fibroma | |
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| Sclerosing stromal tumour of the ovary | |
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| Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour - ovarian androblastoma | |
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| Granulosa cell tumour of ovary | |
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| Juvenile granulosa cell tumour of ovary | |
| Adult granulosa cell tumour of ovary | |
| Others | Ovarian carcinosarcoma <1% |
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| Metastases to the ovary | Krukenburg tumour |
| Other metastatic lesions to ovary |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Heintz AP, Odicino F, Maisonneuve P, Beller U, Benedet JL, Creasman WT; et al. (2001). "Carcinoma of the ovary". J Epidemiol Biostat. 6 (1): 107–38. PMID 11385772.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Banks E (2001). "The epidemiology of ovarian cancer". Methods Mol Med. 39: 3–11. doi:10.1385/1-59259-071-3:3. PMID 21340753.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Singer G, Oldt R, Cohen Y, Wang BG, Sidransky D, Kurman RJ; et al. (2003). "Mutations in BRAF and KRAS characterize the development of low-grade ovarian serous carcinoma". J Natl Cancer Inst. 95 (6): 484–6. doi:10.1093/jnci/95.6.484. PMID 12644542.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Singer G, Stöhr R, Cope L, Dehari R, Hartmann A, Cao DF; et al. (2005). "Patterns of p53 mutations separate ovarian serous borderline tumors and low- and high-grade carcinomas and provide support for a new model of ovarian carcinogenesis: a mutational analysis with immunohistochemical correlation". Am J Surg Pathol. 29 (2): 218–24. PMID 15644779.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Chen VW, Ruiz B, Killeen JL, Coté TR, Wu XC, Correa CN (2003). "Pathology and classification of ovarian tumors". Cancer. 97 (10 Suppl): 2631–42. doi:10.1002/cncr.11345. PMID 12733128.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Young RH (2005). "Sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary and testis: their similarities and differences with consideration of selected problems". Mod Pathol. 18 Suppl 2: S81–98. doi:10.1038/modpathol.3800311. PMID 15502809.