Norovirus infection classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Norovirus constitutes a genus of genetically diverse single-stranded RNA, non-enveloped viruses belonging to the Caliciviridae family. The Norwalk virus is the only species belonging to that genus; however, several strains have been identified including: Hawaii virus, Mexico virus, and Desert Shield virus. These strains can genetically be classified into five different genogroups (GI, GII, GIII, GIV, and GV).
Classification
- Noroviruses (NoV) are a group of the Caliciviridae family with diverse genetic variations. They are non-enveloped viruses with single-stranded RNA.[1] According to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, the genus Norovirus has one species, which is called Norwalk virus.[2] Serotypes, strains and isolates include:[3]
- Norwalk virus
- Hawaii virus
- Snow Mountain virus
- Mexico virus
- Desert Shield virus
- Southampton virus
- Lordsdale virus
- Wilkinson Virus[4]
- Noroviruses can genetically be classified into five different genogroups (GI, GII, GIII, GIV, and GV), which can be further divided into different genetic clusters or genotypes. For example, genogroup II, the most prevalent human genogroup, presently contains 19 genotypes. Genogroups I, II and IV infect humans, whereas genogroup III infects bovine species, and genogroup V has recently been isolated in mice[4].Genogroup I (GI) including Norwalk virus, Desert Shield virus and Southampton virus and genogroup II (GII), which includes Bristol virus, Lordsdale virus, Toronto virus, Mexico virus, Hawaii virus and Snow Mountain virus are mostly isolated in cases of acute gastroenteritis [1].
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Department of Health and Ageing Norovirus laboratory case definition
- ↑ Eric B. Carstens; King, Andrew; Elliot Lefkowitz; Adams, Michael Ian (2011). Virus Taxonomy: Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Amsterdam: Elsevier. pp. 981–982. ISBN 0-12-384684-6.
- ↑ Schuffenecker I, Ando T, Thouvenot D, Lina B, Aymard M (2001). "Genetic classification of "Sapporo-like viruses"". Arch. Virol. 146 (11): 2115–32. doi:10.1007/s007050170024. PMID 11765915.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Ramirez S, Giammanco GM, De Grazia S, Colomba C, Martella V, Arista S (2008). "Genotyping of GII.4 and GIIb norovirus RT-PCR amplicons by RFLP analysis". J. Virol. Methods. 147 (2): 250–6. doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.09.005. PMID 17953996.