Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis laboratory findings
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non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis |
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Differentiating non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis from other Diseases |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aisha Adigun, B.Sc., M.D.[2]
Overview
There are no specific diagnostic laboratory findings associated with non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis. Tests are usually conducted to detect the underlying cause of NBTE and differentiate it from infective endocarditis;.
Laboratory Findings
- There are no specific diagnostic laboratory findings associated with non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis.
- The following laboratory tests are usually conducted to detect the underlying cause of NBTE and differentiate it from infective endocarditis;
Hematological and coagulation studies
- CBC: may show neutrophilia and anemia
- Prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, thrombin time, D-dimers, and cross-linked fibrin degradation products (abnormal values may depict DIC).
Blood cultures
- Multiple blood cultures (minimum to 3 blood cultures prior to antibiotic use) to rule out infective endocarditis and other infectious etiologies[1].
Immunological assays[2][3]
- Antinuclear antibodies (SLE screening)
- Anti-dsDNA antibodies (SLE confirmation and to monitor the progress of disease and lupus nephritis)
- Anti-Smith antibodies
- Anti-RNP
- Antiphospholipid antibodies
- Anticardiolipin antibodies (associated with an increased risk of cardiac abnormalities)
- Anti-Ro/SSA
- Anti-La/SSB
- False-positive serology in the form of VDRL is also common in SLE
Inflammatory markers
The following inflammatory markers are often elevated
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
- PCR is a rapid and reliable method to detect the culture-negative endocarditis by fastidious organisms[4][5].
References
- ↑ "Libman-Sacks Endocarditis Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination".
- ↑ Hojnik M, George J, Ziporen L, Shoenfeld Y (April 1996). "Heart valve involvement (Libman-Sacks endocarditis) in the antiphospholipid syndrome". Circulation. 93 (8): 1579–87. doi:10.1161/01.cir.93.8.1579. PMID 8608627.
- ↑ Cervera R (2004). "Coronary and valvular syndromes and antiphospholipid antibodies". Thromb. Res. 114 (5–6): 501–7. doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2004.06.026. PMID 15507284.
- ↑ Prendergast BD (June 2004). "Diagnostic criteria and problems in infective endocarditis". Heart. 90 (6): 611–3. doi:10.1136/hrt.2003.029850. PMC 1768277. PMID 15145855.
- ↑ Millar B, Moore J, Mallon P, Xu J, Crowe M, Mcclurg R, Raoult D, Earle J, Hone R, Murphy P (2001). "Molecular diagnosis of infective endocarditis--a new Duke's criterion". Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 33 (9): 673–80. doi:10.1080/00365540110026764. PMID 11669225.