Myokmia

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Evidence Based Medicine
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Definitions of Myokmia
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.

Overview

Myokmia is an involuntary and continuous Myoclonus (muscle twitch) that affects the muscles of the face, particularly the eyelids, as a result of the random firing of neurons leading into the muscle fibres.

Causes

Common Causes

• Adcy5-related dyskinesia
• Ataxia
• Benign neonatal epilepsy
• Brainstem neoplasms
• Choreoathetosis-spasticity
• Chronic idiopathic plexopathy
• Corneal abrasion 
• Episodic ataxia type 1
• Gamstorp-wohlfart syndrome
• Guillain-barré syndrome
• Multiple sclerosis
• Neuromyotonia
• Sleep deprivation
• Spinocerebellar ataxia 12 

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	Gold therapy
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Penicillamine therapy
Ear Nose Throat	Axenfeld-schürenberg syndrome
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	Axenfeld-schürenberg syndrome ,
Hematologic	Hypokalemia, Hypomagnesemia, Uremia
Iatrogenic	Gold therapy, Penicillamine therapy, Radiation therapy
Infectious Disease	Inflammatory demyelinating diseases, Syringomyelia, Thyrotoxicosis
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	Spinocerebellar ataxia 12
Neurologic	Adcy5-related dyskinesia, Ataxia, Benign neonatal epilepsy, Brainstem neoplasms, Choreoathetosis-spasticity, Chronic idiopathic plexopathy, Corneal abrasion , Episodic ataxia type 1, Gamstorp-wohlfart syndrome, Guillain-barré syndrome, Hemifacial spasm, Inflammatory demyelinating diseases, Intramedullary pontine lesions, Isaacs-mertens syndrome, Metastatic lesions , Multiple sclerosis, Neuromyotonia, Paroxysmal nonkinesigenic choreoathetosis, Polyradiculoneuropathy, Sleep deprivation, Spinocerebellar ataxia 12 , Stiff-person syndrome , Syringomyelia
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Brainstem neoplasms, Metastatic lesions
Ophthalmologic	Corneal abrasion
Overdose/Toxicity	Excess alcohol intake, Excess caffeine intake
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	Hypokalemia, Hypomagnesemia
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	Uremia
Miscellaneous	Strenuous exercise

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Adcy5-related dyskinesia
• Ataxia
• Axenfeld-schürenberg syndrome 
• Benign neonatal epilepsy
• Brainstem neoplasms
• Choreoathetosis-spasticity
• Chronic idiopathic plexopathy
• Corneal abrasion 
• Episodic ataxia type 1
• Excess alcohol intake
• Excess caffeine intake
• Gamstorp-wohlfart syndrome
• Gold therapy
• Guillain-barré syndrome
• Hemifacial spasm
• Hypokalemia
• Hypomagnesemia
• Inflammatory demyelinating diseases
• Intramedullary pontine lesions
• Isaacs-mertens syndrome
• Metastatic lesions 
• Multiple sclerosis
• Neuromyotonia
• Paroxysmal nonkinesigenic choreoathetosis
• Penicillamine therapy
• Polyradiculoneuropathy
• Radiation therapy
• Sleep deprivation
• Spinocerebellar ataxia 12 
• Stiff-person syndrome 
• Strenuous exercise
• Syringomyelia
• Thyrotoxicosis
• Uremia

References

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