Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis other imaging findings
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]; Alejandro Lemor, M.D. [3]
Overview
The abreugraphy is a smaller variant of the chest X-ray that allows the identification of lung abnormalities that may suggest the diagnosis of TB. With the decrease of incidence of TB, the abreugraphy is no longer recommended in most countries for low risk populations. However, depending on the screening resources of each country, it may be used for the screening of high-risk groups, such as HIV-positive patients and alcoholics.
Other Imaging Findings
Osteoarticular Tuberculosis X-ray
- X-ray findings in osteoarticular tuberculosis include:[1]
- Demineralization
- Narrowing of the joint space
- Bone and cartilage erosion
- Calcifications
 Image courtesy of Dr Matt Skalski, Radiopedia. (original file here) Creative Commons BY-SA-NC |
 Image courtesy of Dr Gagandeep Choudhary, Radiopedia. (original file here) Creative Commons BY-SA-NC |
Abreugraphy
Abreugraphy is a variant of the chest X-ray, named after its inventor Dr. Manuel Dias de Abreu. It provides a small radiographic image, also called miniature chest radiograph, or Miniature Mass Radiography (MMR). Despite its limited resolution, which limits its use in some cases, such as lung cancer, it allows the identification of lung abnormalities, which may suggest the diagnosis of tuberculosis.
It is less expensive than the traditional chest X-ray, which allows its use in mass situations such as the TB screening of prisoners and immigrants. With the decrease of incidence of TB, this exam is no longer recommended among low-risk populations. However, MMR may still be used in high prevalence groups for the early diagnosis of the disease in asymptomatic patients.[2][3][4][5]
Some countries still use the abreugraphy to screen refugees, new workers and students who come from countries with high prevalence of TB. In the case of radiographic abnormalities on the MMR, the person is redirected to a medical center for further studies. [2]
In countries with low prevalence of TB, depending on the availability of screening methods, mass screening may be justified in some high-risk groups, such as homeless persons, alcoholics and HIV-positive patients.[6][7]
References
- ↑ Grubisić F, Borić I, Segota A, Kruslin B, Grazio S (2014). "An unusual manifestation of osteoarticular tuberculosis: case report". Acta Clin Croat. 53 (2): 237–41. PMID 25163241.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Bonvin L, Zellweger JP (1992). "Mass miniature X-ray screening for tuberculosis among immigrants entering Switzerland". Tuber Lung Dis. 73 (6): 322–5. doi:10.1016/0962-8479(92)90034-H. PMID 1292710.
- ↑ Clancy L, Rieder HL, Enarson DA, Spinaci S (1991). "Tuberculosis elimination in the countries of Europe and other industrialized countries". Eur Respir J. 4 (10): 1288–95. PMID 1804678.
- ↑ Horwitz O, Darrow MM (1976). "Principles and effects of mass screening: Danish experience in tuberculosis screening". Public Health Rep. 91 (2): 146–53. PMC 1438528. PMID 822464.
- ↑ Gordin FM, Slutkin G, Schecter G, Goodman PC, Hopewell PC (1989). "Presumptive diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis based on radiographic findings". Am Rev Respir Dis. 139 (5): 1090–3. doi:10.1164/ajrccm/139.5.1090. PMID 2496633.
- ↑ Barry MA, Wall C, Shirley L, Bernardo J, Schwingl P, Brigandi E; et al. (1986). "Tuberculosis screening in Boston's homeless shelters". Public Health Rep. 101 (5): 487–94. PMC 1477764. PMID 3094079.
- ↑ Grzybowski S, Allen EA, Black WA, Chao CW, Enarson DA, Isaac-Renton JL; et al. (1987). "Inner-city survey for tuberculosis: evaluation of diagnostic methods". Am Rev Respir Dis. 135 (6): 1311–5. PMID 3109292.