Levofloxacin detailed information
| File:Levofloxacin.svg | |
| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Pregnancy category |
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| Routes of administration | Oral, IV, Ophthalmic |
| ATC code | |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status | |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 99% |
| Protein binding | 24 to 38% |
| Metabolism | Renal |
| Elimination half-life | 6 to 8 hours |
| Excretion | Urinary |
| Identifiers | |
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| CAS Number | |
| PubChem CID | |
| DrugBank | |
| E number | {{#property:P628}} |
| ECHA InfoCard | {{#property:P2566}}Lua error in Module:EditAtWikidata at line 36: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C18H20FN3O4 |
| Molar mass | 361.368 g/mol |
Levofloxacin is an advanced generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic, marketed by Ortho-McNeil under the trade name Levaquin in the United States. In Europe, it is marketed by Sanofi-Aventis under the trade name Tavanic, in Chile as Gatigol by Alpes Selection, in India under the trade name Levoday marketed by Zydus_Cadila and in Asia it is marketed by Daiichi under the trade name Cravit. Levofloxacin was launched in the Japanese market in 1993, and thus has had more than 13 years of testing in efficiency and safety globally. Chemically, levofloxacin is the S-enantiomer (L-isomer) of ofloxacin, and has approximately twice the potency of ofloxacin, because the R+enantiomer (D-isomer) of ofloxacin is essentially inactive. In addition, the S-enantiomer (L-isomer) of ofloxacin, has substantially less toxicity. Like other fluoroquinolines, it works by inhibiting DNA gyrase, an enzyme that negatively supercoils DNA.
Levofloxacin is effective against a number of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Because of its broad spectrum of action, levofloxacin is frequently prescribed empirically for a wide range of infections (e.g. pneumonia, urinary tract infection) before the specific causal organism is known. If the causal organism is identified, levofloxacin may be discontinued and the patient may be switched to an antibiotic with a narrower spectrum of activity. Levofloxacin is currently the only respiratory fluoroquinolone approved by the U.S. FDA for the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia.
Susceptible organisms
Gram-positive bacteria
- Enterococcus faecalis (many strains are only moderately susceptible)
- Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible strains)
- Staphylococcus epidermidis (methicillin-susceptible strains)
- Staphylococcus saprophyticus
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (including Multidrug-resistant strains, MDRSP)
- Streptococcus pyogenes
Gram-negative bacteria
- Enterobacter clacae
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Escherichia coli
- Legionella pneumophila
- Serratia marcescens
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Moraxella catarrhalis
- Haemophilus parainfluenzae
- Proteus mirabilis
- Campylobacter
Other
- More bacterial coverage is available as per prescribing information for levofloxacin in Japan (Cravit)
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- Organofluorides
- Fluoroquinolone antibiotics