Hepatocellular carcinoma stagin

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamad Alkateb, MBBCh [2]

Overview

According to the TNM staging system, there are four stages of hepatocellular carcinoma based on the tumor size, lymph node involvement, and distant metastasis.

Staging of hepatocellular carcinoma

According to the TNM staging system, there are four stages of hepatocellular carcinoma based on the tumor size, lymph node involvement, and distant metastasis.[1]

Primary tumor

TX Primary tumour cannot be assessed
T0 No evidence of primary tumour
T1 A single tumour with no invasion into the blood vessels of the liver
T2 A single tumour with invasion into the blood vessels or multiple tumours, none more than 5 cm in size
T3a Multiple tumours, with any tumour larger than 5 cm
T3b The tumour has grown into either the portal or hepatic vein
T4 The tumour has grown into nearby organs (other than the gallbladder) or the tumour has grown into the layer of tissue that covers the organs in the abdomen (visceral peritoneum)

Regional lymph node

NX Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed
NX No regional lymph node metastasis
NX Regional lymph node metastasis

Distance metastasis

M0 No distant metastasis
M1 Distant metastasis


References