Fragile X syndrome history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
There are few keys that help to diagnose the Fragile X syndrome, which includes significant family, developmental, cognitive, and neuropsychological histories. Family history needs to screened for any learning disabilities and mental retardation. Delayed developmental milestones in early childhood may be another indicator of fragile x syndrome. Neuropsychological features like autistic-like behavior (especially poor eye contact, social avoidance, and hand biting/hand flapping) and anxiety disorder may also be present with fragile X syndrome.
History and Symptoms
The physical features of Fragile X syndrome is prominent around the time of puberty. Physical features include:[1]
- Large and protruding ears
- Elongated face
- Macroorchidism (large testicles in men after puberty)
- Flat foot
- High Arched palate
- Hyperflexible finger joints
- Low muscle tone
The common features in child with Fragile X Syndrome include low IQ with learning difficulties (intellectual disabilities). Behavioral abnormalities includes stereotypic movements (e.g., hand-flapping) hyperactivity, inattention, poor social interaction, limited eye contact and poor memory. Child with Fragile X syndrome often presents with developmental delay (including delayed attainment of motor and language milestones).[2] Approximately, 20% of boy with Fragile X syndrome develops seizures (mostly simple or complex partial seizures)[3]
References
- ↑ McLennan Y, Polussa J, Tassone F, Hagerman R (2011). "Fragile x syndrome". Curr Genomics. 12 (3): 216–24. doi:10.2174/138920211795677886. PMC 3137006. PMID 22043169.
- ↑ Fisch GS, Simensen R, Tarleton J, Chalifoux M, Holden JJ, Carpenter N; et al. (1996). "Longitudinal study of cognitive abilities and adaptive behavior levels in fragile X males: a prospective multicenter analysis". Am J Med Genet. 64 (2): 356–61. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960809)64:2<356::AID-AJMG24>3.0.CO;2-D. PMID 8844080.
- ↑ Hagerman PJ, Stafstrom CE (2009). "Origins of epilepsy in fragile X syndrome". Epilepsy Curr. 9 (4): 108–12. doi:10.1111/j.1535-7511.2009.01309.x. PMC 2728488. PMID 19693328.