Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Manpreet Kaur, MD [2]

Overview

Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance]. Physical examination of patients with [disease name] is usually remarkable for [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

Common physical examination findings of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is diagnostic of [disease name].

OR

The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is highly suggestive of [disease name].

Physical Examination

Physical examination of patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is usually normal except there are signs of fluid overload if the disease progress to end-stage renal failure.[1]

Appearance of the Patient

  • Patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis usually appear lethargic

Vital Signs

  • Afebrile
  • High blood pressure with normal pulse pressure

Skin

  • Skin examination of patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is usually normal

HEENT

  • HEENT examination of patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is usually normal
  • Swelling of periorbital sometimes resulting in swollen-shut eyelids

Neck

  • Neck examination of patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is usually normal
  • Jugular venous distension is seen in fluid overload

Lungs

  • Pulmonary examination of patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is usually normal, however, if there is fluid overload, following signs are seen:
  • Lungs are hyporesonant
  • Fine/coarse crackles upon auscultation of the lung bases bilaterally

Heart

  • Cardiovascular examination of patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is usually normal

Abdomen

Back

  • Back examination of patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is usually normal

Genitourinary

  • Signs of fluid overload can be seen which includes:
    • Scrotal edema
    • Vulvar edema

Neuromuscular

  • Neuromuscular examination of patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is usually normal

Extremities

  • Pitting/non-pitting edema of the upper and lower extremitiesdue to fluid overload

References

  1. D'Agati VD, Kaskel FJ, Falk RJ (December 2011). "Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis". N. Engl. J. Med. 365 (25): 2398–411. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1106556. PMID 22187987.

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