Filariasis physical examination
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]
Overview
Filariasis patients appear toxic on presentation due to pain. They present with fever called filarial fever. It is an acute self-limited fever present in the beginning of the disease. Edematous plaques may be observed and it is a sign of acute dermatolymphangioadenitis. In onchocerciasis, blindness occurs and subcutaneous nodules may be found. Genitourinary manifestations are also observed in filariasis as hydrocele, chyluria, hematuria and scrotal elephantiasis.
Physical Examination
Appearance of the patient
Vital signs
Skin
- Edematous plaques in acute phase of the disease as a sign of acute dermato-lymphangioadenitis[1]
- Papular eruptions
- Subcutaneous nodules in cases of onchocercomata
HEENT
- Blindness
- In Onchocerciasis, the most serious manifestation consists of ocular lesions that can progress to blindness.[2]
- Subconjunctival migration of an adult worm can be seen in Loiasis.
Lungs
- Rhonchi may be present in patients with pulmonary tropical eosinophilia syndrome.
Abdomen
Extremities
Genitourinary
- Genitourinary signs that may be detected in filariasis patients:[3]
- Hydrocele
- Scrotal elephantiasis
- Chyluria as a result of leakage of the lymph into the urine
- Hematuria
- Proteinuria
Other
References
- ↑ Dreyer G, Medeiros Z, Netto MJ, Leal NC, de Castro LG, Piessens WF (1999). "Acute attacks in the extremities of persons living in an area endemic for bancroftian filariasis: differentiation of two syndromes". Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 93 (4): 413–7. PMID 10674092.
- ↑ Chandy A, Thakur AS, Singh MP, Manigauha A (2011). "A review of neglected tropical diseases: filariasis". Asian Pac J Trop Med. 4 (7): 581–6. doi:10.1016/S1995-7645(11)60150-8. PMID 21803313.
- ↑ Dreyer G, Ottesen EA, Galdino E, Andrade L, Rocha A, Medeiros Z; et al. (1992). "Renal abnormalities in microfilaremic patients with Bancroftian filariasis". Am J Trop Med Hyg. 46 (6): 745–51. PMID 1621900.