DDB1

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDs	GeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	n/a	n/a
Ensembl	n/a	n/a
UniProt	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (protein)	n/a	n/a
Location (UCSC)	n/a	n/a
PubMed search	n/a	n/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

DNA damage-binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DDB1 gene.

Gene

The gene's position is on chromosome 11q12-q13.

Protein

The DDB1 gene encodes the large subunit of DNA damage-binding protein, a heterodimer composed of a large and a small (DDB2) subunit. DDB1 contains 1140 amino acids, amounting to a mass of 127 kDa.

Function

As its name suggests, DDB1 was initially implicated in the process of a specific type of DNA repair known as nucleotide excision repair. Since then, researchers have found that DDB1 primarily functions as a core component of the CUL4A- and CUL4B-based E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes. DDB1 serves as a bridge or adaptor protein which interacts with dozens of proteins known as DDB1 and CUL4-associated factors (DCAFs). These DCAFs are often ubiquitin ligase substrates and regulate numerous essential processes in the cell including DNA repair (DDB2), DNA replication, chromatin remodeling (Cdt2) and more.

Interactions

DDB1 has been shown to interact with Transcription initiation protein SPT3 homolog, GCN5L2, DDB2, CUL4A, CUL4B and P21.

Further reading

• Chu G, Chang E (1988). "Xeroderma pigmentosum group E cells lack a nuclear factor that binds to damaged DNA". Science. 242 (4878): 564–7. doi:10.1126/science.3175673. PMID 3175673.
• Lee TH, Elledge SJ, Butel JS (1995). "Hepatitis B virus X protein interacts with a probable cellular DNA repair protein". J. Virol. 69 (2): 1107–14. PMC 188683. PMID 7815490.
• Keeney S, Eker AP, Brody T, et al. (1994). "Correction of the DNA repair defect in xeroderma pigmentosum group E by injection of a DNA damage-binding protein" (PDF). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (9): 4053–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.9.4053. PMC 43721. PMID 8171034.
• Keeney S, Chang GJ, Linn S (1993). "Characterization of a human DNA damage binding protein implicated in xeroderma pigmentosum E.". J. Biol. Chem. 268 (28): 21293–300. PMID 8407967.
• Hwang BJ, Liao JC, Chu G (1996). "Isolation of a cDNA encoding a UV-damaged DNA binding factor defective in xeroderma pigmentosum group E cells". Mutat. Res. 362 (1): 105–17. doi:10.1016/0921-8777(95)00040-2. PMID 8538642.
• Nichols AF, Ong P, Linn S (1996). "Mutations specific to the xeroderma pigmentosum group E Ddb- phenotype". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (40): 24317–20. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.40.24317. PMID 8798680.
• Liu W, Nichols AF, Graham JA, et al. (2000). "Nuclear transport of human DDB protein induced by ultraviolet light". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (28): 21429–34. doi:10.1074/jbc.M000961200. PMID 10777491.
• Martinez E, Palhan VB, Tjernberg A, et al. (2001). "Human STAGA complex is a chromatin-acetylating transcription coactivator that interacts with pre-mRNA splicing and DNA damage-binding factors in vivo". Mol. Cell. Biol. 21 (20): 6782–95. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.20.6782-6795.2001. PMC 99856. PMID 11564863.
• Chen X, Zhang Y, Douglas L, Zhou P (2002). "UV-damaged DNA-binding proteins are targets of CUL-4A-mediated ubiquitination and degradation". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (51): 48175–82. doi:10.1074/jbc.M106808200. PMID 11673459.
• Rapić-Otrin V, McLenigan MP, Bisi DC, et al. (2002). "Sequential binding of UV DNA damage binding factor and degradation of the p48 subunit as early events after UV irradiation". Nucleic Acids Res. 30 (11): 2588–98. doi:10.1093/nar/30.11.2588. PMC 117178. PMID 12034848.
• Bergametti F, Sitterlin D, Transy C (2002). "Turnover of hepatitis B virus X protein is regulated by damaged DNA-binding complex". J. Virol. 76 (13): 6495–501. doi:10.1128/JVI.76.13.6495-6501.2002. PMC 136256. PMID 12050362.
• Bontron S, Lin-Marq N, Strubin M (2002). "Hepatitis B virus X protein associated with UV-DDB1 induces cell death in the nucleus and is functionally antagonized by UV-DDB2". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (41): 38847–54. doi:10.1074/jbc.M205722200. PMID 12151405.
• Andrejeva J, Poole E, Young DF, et al. (2002). "The p127 subunit (DDB1) of the UV-DNA damage repair binding protein is essential for the targeted degradation of STAT1 by the V protein of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5". J. Virol. 76 (22): 11379–86. doi:10.1128/JVI.76.22.11379-11386.2002. PMC 136798. PMID 12388698.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Groisman R, Polanowska J, Kuraoka I, et al. (2003). "The ubiquitin ligase activity in the DDB2 and CSA complexes is differentially regulated by the COP9 signalosome in response to DNA damage". Cell. 113 (3): 357–67. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00316-7. PMID 12732143.
• Leupin O, Bontron S, Strubin M (2003). "Hepatitis B virus X protein and simian virus 5 V protein exhibit similar UV-DDB1 binding properties to mediate distinct activities". J. Virol. 77 (11): 6274–83. doi:10.1128/JVI.77.11.6274-6283.2003. PMC 154990. PMID 12743284.
• Wertz IE, O'Rourke KM, Zhang Z, et al. (2004). "Human De-etiolated-1 regulates c-Jun by assembling a CUL4A ubiquitin ligase". Science. 303 (5662): 1371–4. doi:10.1126/science.1093549. PMID 14739464.
• Bouwmeester T, Bauch A, Ruffner H, et al. (2004). "A physical and functional map of the human TNF-alpha/NF-kappa B signal transduction pathway". Nat. Cell Biol. 6 (2): 97–105. doi:10.1038/ncb1086. PMID 14743216.