Cholangiocarcinoma classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farima Kahe M.D. [2] [3], Suveenkrishna Pothuru, M.B,B.S. [4]

Overview

Cholangiocarcinoma may be classified according to location of the tumor into three subtypes of Intrahepatic bile duct cancer, perihilar bile duct cancer, and extrahepatic bile duct cancer.

Classification

Cellular Classification of Cholangiocarcinoma

Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer

  • Mass-forming tumor growth pattern
  • Periductal-infiltrating tumor growth pattern
  • Mixed mass-forming and periductal-infiltrating growth pattern

Perihilar Bile Duct Cancer

  • Signet-ring cell carcinoma
  • Adenosquamous carcinoma
  • Squamous cell carcinoma
  • Small cell (oat cell) carcinoma
  • Undifferentiated carcinoma
  • Carcinoma, NOS

Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer

  • Carcinoma in situ
  • Adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified (NOS)
  • Adenocarcinoma
  • Noninvasive


Bismuth-Corlette classification

  • Type I: Tumors are distal to the hepatic duct confluence
  • Type II: Neoplasms extend to and involve the hepatic duct confluence
  • Type IIIA: Tumors involve the hepatic duct confluence and either the proximal right hepatic duct
  • Type IIIB: Tumors involve the hepatic duct confluence and either the proximal left hepatic duct
  • Type IV: Tumors extend into the bilateral proximal hepatic ducts up to the segmental bile ducts

References

  1. DeOliveira ML, Cunningham SC, Cameron JL, Kamangar F, Winter JM, Lillemoe KD, Choti MA, Yeo CJ, Schulick RD (2007). "Cholangiocarcinoma: thirty-one-year experience with 564 patients at a single institution". Ann. Surg. 245 (5): 755–62. doi:10.1097/01.sla.0000251366.62632.d3. PMC 1877058. PMID 17457168.
  2. Aishima S, Oda Y (2015). "Pathogenesis and classification of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: different characters of perihilar large duct type versus peripheral small duct type". J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 22 (2): 94–100. doi:10.1002/jhbp.154. PMID 25181580.
  3. Oliveira IS, Kilcoyne A, Everett JM, Mino-Kenudson M, Harisinghani MG, Ganesan K (2017). "Cholangiocarcinoma: classification, diagnosis, staging, imaging features, and management". Abdom Radiol (NY). 42 (6): 1637–1649. doi:10.1007/s00261-017-1094-7. PMID 28271275.