Adrenocortical carcinoma other diagnostic studies
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2] Mohammed Abdelwahed M.D[3]
Overview
FNA cytology cannot distinguish a benign adrenal mass from adrenal carcinoma. Over-expression of TP53, IGF-2, and cyclin E are found in ACC but not a conclusive procedure.
Other Diagnostic Studies
Biopsy
- FNA cytology cannot distinguish a benign adrenal mass from adrenal carcinoma. It can distinguish between an adrenal tumor and a metastatic tumor.
- FNA is sometimes performed when there is a suspicion of cancer outside the adrenal gland.[1]
- The only definitive diagnostic criterion for a malignant adrenocortical tumor is distant metastasis or the presence of local invasion. In the absence of these findings, the Weiss system is the most commonly used method for assessing the malignant behavior because of its reliability. [2]
- Other immunohistochemical criteria utilized include Ki-67 proliferation index, overexpression of TP53, IGF-2, and cyclin E are found in ACC but not a conclusive procedure. [3]
- Several markers (such as alpha-inhibin, Melan A, SF-1) can confirm the primary adrenal origin. [4]
Video shows US-guided abdominal needle aspiration
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References
- ↑ Jhala NC, Jhala D, Eloubeidi MA, Chhieng DC, Crowe DR, Roberson J; et al. (2004). "Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the adrenal glands: analysis of 24 patients". Cancer. 102 (5): 308–14. doi:10.1002/cncr.20498. PMID 15376200.
- ↑ Aubert S, Wacrenier A, Leroy X, Devos P, Carnaille B, Proye C; et al. (2002). "Weiss system revisited: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 49 adrenocortical tumors". Am J Surg Pathol. 26 (12): 1612–9. PMID 12459628.
- ↑ Lau SK, Weiss LM (2009). "The Weiss system for evaluating adrenocortical neoplasms: 25 years later". Hum Pathol. 40 (6): 757–68. doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2009.03.010. PMID 19442788.
- ↑ Fassnacht M, Allolio B (2009). "Clinical management of adrenocortical carcinoma". Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 23 (2): 273–89. doi:10.1016/j.beem.2008.10.008. PMID 19500769.