Acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2] Carlos A Lopez, M.D. [3]
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of acute lymphoblastic leukemia are Down syndrome, ataxia telangiectasia, Bloom syndrome, X-linked agammaglobulinemia, Fanconi's anemia and severe combined immunodeficiency.
Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of acute lymphoblastic leukemia are Down syndrome, ataxia telangiectasia, Bloom syndrome, X-linked agammaglobulinemia, Fanconi's anemia severe combined immunodeficiency, radiation exposure, exposure to benzene, and smoking.
Common risk factors
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk factors may include the following:[1]
- Radiation exposure[2]
- Benzene exposure[3]
- Infections with the following viruses:
- Previous use of chemotherapy drugs
- Smoking[5][6]
- Down syndrome [7]
- Ataxia telangiectasia[8]
- Bloom syndrome[9]
- X-linked agammaglobulinemia[10]
- Fanconi's anemia[11]
- Severe combined immunodeficiency[12]
Less common risk factors
- Exposure to paint[13]
- Electromagnetic field radiation exposure[14]
- Obesity[15]
References
- ↑ Belson M, Kingsley B, Holmes A (January 2007). "Risk factors for acute leukemia in children: a review". Environ. Health Perspect. 115 (1): 138–45. doi:10.1289/ehp.9023. PMC 1817663. PMID 17366834.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Greaves MF (1997). "Aetiology of acute leukaemia". Lancet. 349 (9048): 344–9. PMID 9024390.
- ↑ Khalade A, Jaakkola MS, Pukkala E, Jaakkola JJ (2010). "Exposure to benzene at work and the risk of leukemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Environ Health. 9: 31. doi:10.1186/1476-069X-9-31. PMC 2903550. PMID 20584305.
- ↑ Guan H, Miao H, Ma N, Lu W, Luo B (2017). "Correlations between Epstein-Barr virus and acute leukemia". J Med Virol. 89 (8): 1453–1460. doi:10.1002/jmv.24797. PMID 28225168.
- ↑ Metayer C, Zhang L, Wiemels JL, Bartley K, Schiffman J, Ma X; et al. (2013). "Tobacco smoke exposure and the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic and myeloid leukemias by cytogenetic subtype". Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 22 (9): 1600–11. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-0350. PMC 3769478. PMID 23853208.
- ↑ Farioli A, Legittimo P, Mattioli S, Miligi L, Benvenuti A, Ranucci A; et al. (2014). "Tobacco smoke and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: findings from the SETIL case-control study". Cancer Causes Control. 25 (6): 683–92. doi:10.1007/s10552-014-0371-9. PMID 24699944.
- ↑ Mowery CT, Reyes JM, Cabal-Hierro L, Higby KJ, Karlin KL, Wang JH; et al. (2018). "Trisomy of a Down Syndrome Critical Region Globally Amplifies Transcription via HMGN1 Overexpression". Cell Rep. 25 (7): 1898–1911.e5. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.061. PMC 6321629. PMID 30428356.
- ↑ Bielorai B, Fisher T, Waldman D, Lerenthal Y, Nissenkorn A, Tohami T; et al. (2013). "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in early childhood as the presenting sign of ataxia-telangiectasia variant". Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 30 (6): 574–82. doi:10.3109/08880018.2013.777949. PMID 23509889.
- ↑ Adams M, Jenney M, Lazarou L, White R, Birdsall S, Staab T; et al. (2013). "Acute myeloid leukaemia after treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in girl with Bloom syndrome". J Genet Syndr Gene Ther. 4 (8). doi:10.4172/2157-7412.1000177. PMC 4052885. PMID 24932421.
- ↑ Conley, Mary Ellen (2015). "Are Patients with X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia at Increased Risk of Developing Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia?". Journal of Clinical Immunology. 35 (2): 98–99. doi:10.1007/s10875-015-0132-x. ISSN 0271-9142.
- ↑ Mushtaq N, Wali R, Fadoo Z, Saleem AF (2012). "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a child with Fanconi's anaemia". J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 22 (7): 458–60. doi:07.2012/JCPSP.558560 Check
|doi=value (help). PMID 22747869. - ↑ Cesano A, O'Connor R, Lange B, Finan J, Rovera G, Santoli D (1991). "Homing and progression patterns of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemias in severe combined immunodeficiency mice". Blood. 77 (11): 2463–74. PMID 2039829.
- ↑ Bailey HD, Metayer C, Milne E, Petridou ET, Infante-Rivard C, Spector LG; et al. (2015). "Home paint exposures and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: findings from the Childhood Leukemia International Consortium". Cancer Causes Control. 26 (9): 1257–70. doi:10.1007/s10552-015-0618-0. PMC 5257283. PMID 26134047.
- ↑ Tabrizi MM, Hosseini SA (2015). "Role of Electromagnetic Field Exposure in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and No Impact of Urinary Alpha- Amylase--a Case Control Study in Tehran, Iran". Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 16 (17): 7613–8. PMID 26625771.
- ↑ Orgel, E.; Tucci, J.; Alhushki, W.; Malvar, J.; Sposto, R.; Fu, C. H.; Freyer, D. R.; Abdel-Azim, H.; Mittelman, S. D. (2014). "Obesity is associated with residual leukemia following induction therapy for childhood B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia". Blood. 124 (26): 3932–3938. doi:10.1182/blood-2014-08-595389. ISSN 0006-4971.