Yersinia pestis infection history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Assistant Editors-In-Chief: Esther Lee, M.A.

Overview

The typical sign of the most common form of human plague is a swollen and very tender lymph gland, accompanied by pain. The swollen gland is called a "bubo." Bubonic plague should be suspected when a person develops a swollen gland, fever, chills, headache, and extreme exhaustion, and has a history of possible exposure to infected rodents, rabbits, or fleas. A person usually becomes ill with bubonic plague 2 to 6 days after being infected.

History and Symptoms

The plague may have any of 3 classic presentations:

  • Bubonic plague
  • Septicemic plague
  • Pneumonic plague

The following table compares the various types of plagues and their corresponding clinical features.


Bubonic Plague

  • Incubation period of 2–6 days, when the bacteria is actively replicating.
  • Universally a general lack of energy
  • Fever
  • Headache and chills occur suddenly at the end of the incubation period
  • Swelling of lymph nodes resulting in buboes, the classic sign of bubonic plague. The inguinal nodes are most frequently affected ("boubon" is Greek for "groin.")

Septicemic Plague

Pneumonic Plague

References

  1. Info taken from "Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 16th Edition"


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