Tetralogy of fallot overview: Difference between revisions
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==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
The obstruction of right ventricular outflow in tetralogy of Fallot causes [[blood]] to [[shunt]] or flow from the right to left side of heart through the [[ventricular septal defect]]. This causes [[right ventricular hypertrophy]] and eventual [[right sided heart failure]]. There is flow of deoxygenated venous blood from the right side of the [[heart]] to the [[systemic circulation]] resulting in [[cyanosis]]. | The obstruction of right ventricular outflow in tetralogy of Fallot causes [[blood]] to [[shunt]] or flow from the right to left side of heart through the [[ventricular septal defect]]. This causes [[right ventricular hypertrophy]] and eventual [[right sided heart failure]]. There is flow of deoxygenated venous blood from the right side of the [[heart]] to the [[systemic circulation]] resulting in [[cyanosis]]. | ||
==Causes== | |||
Both environmental and [[genetic]] factors appear to be involved in the development of tetralogy of Fallot. | |||
==Differentiating Tetralogy of Fallot from other Diseases== | |||
Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common form of [[cyanotic heart disease]], and must be distinguished from other forms of [[cyanotic heart disease]]. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 14:28, 25 January 2013
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2], Assistant Editor-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [3]
Overview
Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect which classically has four anatomical components: obstruction to right ventricular outflow, right ventricular hypertrophy, ventricular septal defect, and overriding of aorta. It accounts for approximately 10% of all forms of congenital heart disease. It is the most common cause of cyanosis in children over one year of age (blue baby syndrome).
Historical Perspective
The condition was described in 1672 by Niels Stensen and in 1888 by the French physician Etienne Fallot, for whom it was named.
Anatomy
Tetralogy of Fallot has four characteristic components i.e. pulmonic stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, ventricular septal defect and over-riding of the aorta
Pathophysiology
The obstruction of right ventricular outflow in tetralogy of Fallot causes blood to shunt or flow from the right to left side of heart through the ventricular septal defect. This causes right ventricular hypertrophy and eventual right sided heart failure. There is flow of deoxygenated venous blood from the right side of the heart to the systemic circulation resulting in cyanosis.
Causes
Both environmental and genetic factors appear to be involved in the development of tetralogy of Fallot.
Differentiating Tetralogy of Fallot from other Diseases
Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common form of cyanotic heart disease, and must be distinguished from other forms of cyanotic heart disease.