Supraventricular tachycardia causes: Difference between revisions

	Supraventricular tachycardia Microchapters
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Overview
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Differentiating Among the Different Types of Supraventricular Tachycardia
Differentiating Supraventricular Tachycardia from Ventricular Tachycardia
Epidemiology and Demographics
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2015 ACC/AHA Guideline Recommendations;
Acute Treatment of SVT of Unknown Mechanism
Ongoing Management of SVT of Unknown Mechanism
Ongoing Management of IST
Acute Treatment of Suspected Focal Atrial Tachycardia
Acute Treatment of Multifocal Atria Tachycardia
Ongoing Management of Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia
Acute Treatment of AVNRT
Ongoing Management of AVNRT
Acute Treatment of Orthodromic AVRT
Ongoing Management of Orthodromic AVRT
Asymptomatic Patients With Pre-Excitation
Management of Symptomatic Patients With Manifest Accessory Pathways
Acute Treatment of Atrial Flutter
Ongoing Management of Atrial Flutter
Acute Treatment of Junctional Tachycardia
Ongoing Management of Junctional Tachycardia
Acute Treatment of SVT in ACHD Patients
Ongoing Management of SVT in ACHD Patients
Acute Treatment of SVT in Pregnant Patients
Acute Treatment and Ongoing Management of SVT in Older Population
Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
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Case #1
Supraventricular tachycardia causes On the Web
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Revision as of 21:45, 23 August 2013

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ayokunle Olubaniyi, M.B,B.S [2]

Overview

Supraventricular tachycardia is a collective term used to describe all the tachycardias originating from the SA node, atrium and AV node. Therefore, the causes depend on the source of the pathology, and they are as follows:

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Causes Based on Pathophysiology

SVTs from a Sinoatrial Source

Inappropriate sinus tachycardia

The cause of inappropriate sinus tachycardia is unknown. It is a diagnosis of exclusion after all the specific physiological and psychological triggers of sinus tachycardia have been excluded. The diagnosis of IST is based on the presence of a persistent and recurrent sinus tachycardia on EKG that is otherwise unexplainable.

Sinus tachycardia

Sinoatrial Nodal Reentry Tachycardia

SVTs from an Atrial Source

Focal Atrial Tachycardia]]

Atrial Flutter

| style="width: 33%;text-align: left; vertical-align: top; " |

|}

Atrial Fibrillation

Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia

SVTs from an Atrioventricular Source

AV Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia

AV Reentrant Tachycardia

Junctional Tachycardia

Combined List of Causes

References

Template:WikiDoc Sources

@@ Line 77: / Line 77: @@
 {{col-end}}
-===Causes by Organ System===
+==Causes Based on Pathophysiology==
-{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
+===SVTs from a Sinoatrial Source===
-|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
+====Inappropriate sinus tachycardia====
-|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" |
+The cause of inappropriate sinus tachycardia is unknown.  It is a diagnosis of exclusion after all the specific physiological and psychological triggers of [[sinus tachycardia]] have been excluded.  The diagnosis of IST is based on the presence of a persistent and recurrent sinus tachycardia on EKG that is otherwise unexplainable.
-[[Aortic regurgitation]],
-[[aortic stenosis]],
-[[arteriovenous fistula]],
-[[atrial infarction|atrial ischemia]],
-[[atrial myxoma]],
-[[atrial septal defect]],
-[[cardiac tamponade]],
-[[cardiac tumors]],
-[[congenital heart disease]],
-[[congestive heart failure]],
-[[constrictive  pericarditis]],
-[[coronary artery bypass graft surgery]],
-[[coronary artery disease]],
-[[dilated cardiomyopathy]],
-[[Ebstein anomaly]],
-[[endocarditis]],
-[[familial atrial fibrillation]],
-[[holiday heart syndrome]],
-[[hypertensive heart  disease]],
-[[hypertrophic  cardiomyopathy]],
-[[hypotension]],
-[[ischemic heart disease]],
-[[Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome]],
-[[Lutembacher syndrome]],
-[[Mahaim fibers|Mahaim fiber tachycardia]],
-[[mitral regurgitation]],
-[[mitral stenosis]],
-[[mitral valve prolapse]],
-[[myocardial  infarction]],
-[[myocarditis]],
-[[pericarditis]],
-[[peripartum  cardiomyopathy]],
-[[Rheumatic fever natural history#Complications|rheumatic fever]],
-[[shock]],
-[[sick sinus syndrome]],
-[[tricuspid  regurgitation]],
-[[tricuspid stenosis]],
-[[unstable angina]],
-[[uremic pericarditis]],
-[[valvular heart  disease]],
-[[Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]]
-|-
-|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Carbon monoxide poisoning#Symptoms|Carbon monoxide poisoning]], [[cyanide]], [[grayanotoxin]], [[mercury poisoning]]
-|-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-| '''Dental'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
-|-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-| '''Dermatologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
-|-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-| '''Drug Side Effect'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
-[[Alprazolam]],
-[[aminophylline]],
-[[amiodarone]],
-[[amphetamines]],
-[[amrinone]],
-[[atomoxetine]],
-[[atropine]],
-[[beta blockers]],
-[[caffeine]],
-[[cimetidine]],
-[[clonidine]],
-[[cocaine]],
-[[diazoxide]],
-[[Cyanide poisoning#Treatment of poisoning and antidotes|dicobalt edetate]],
-[[diltiazem]],
-[[disopyramide]],
-[[dobutamine]],
-[[docetaxel]],
-[[dopexamine]],
-[[doxapram]],
-[[doxorubicin]],
-[[ephedrine]],
-[[epirubicin]],
-[[fentanyl]],
-[[flecainide]],
-[[flumazenil]],
-[[fluvoxamine]],
-[[guanethidine]],
-[[hexamethonium]],
-[[hydralazine]],
-[[ibutilide]],
-[[isoprenaline]],
-[[Isoproterenol|isoproterenol infusion]],
-[[lithium]],
-[[methyldopa]],
-[[methylphenidate]],
-[[methysergide]],
-[[minoxidil]],
-[[nelarabine]],
-[[nicotine]],
-[[orlistat]],
-[[palonosetron]],
-[[paroxetine]],
-[[porfimer sodium]],
-[[procainamide]],
-[[propafenone]],
-[[quinidine]],
-[[reserpine]],
-[[ritodrine]],
-[[salbutamol]],
-[[salmeterol]],
-[[sibutramine]],
-[[theophylline]],
-[[trimethaphan]],
-[[Antiarrhythmic agent#Class Ia agents|type IA antiarrhythmic agents]],
-[[Antiarrhythmic agent#Class Ic agents|type IC antiarrhythmic agents]],
-[[Antiarrhythmic agent#Class III agents|type III antiarrhythmic agents]],
-[[verapamil]]
-|-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
-|-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-| '''Endocrine'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Diabetes mellitus]], [[hemochromatosis]], [[hyperthyroidism]], [[hypothyroidism]], [[pheochromocytoma]], [[thyrotoxicosis]]
-|-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-| '''Environmental'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Electric shock]], [[hypothermia]]
-|-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-| '''Gastroenterologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
-|-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-| '''Genetic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ebstein anomaly]], [[Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy]], [[familial atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia]], [[Long QT Syndrome classification#LQT4|LQT type 4]], [[malignant hyperthermia]], [[muscular dystrophy]], [[myotonic dystrophy]], [[Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]]
-|-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-| '''Hematologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anemia]]
-|-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-| '''Iatrogenic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cardiac transplantation]], [[heart bypass surgery]], [[Catheter ablation|incomplete ablation procedures]],  [[open heart surgery]],  [[temporary cardiac pacing]]
-|-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-| '''Infectious Disease'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amoebiasis]],  [[Chagas disease]], [[diphtheria]], [[Guillain-Barré syndrome]], [[leptospirosis]], [[Lyme disease]], [[Coxsackie A virus#Diseases|neonatal coxsackie myocarditis]], [[pneumonia]], [[rheumatic fever]], [[Salmonella|salmonella typhosa]], [[sepsis]], [[trichinosis]]
-|-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy]], [[myotonic dystrophy]]
-|-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-| '''Neurologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Diabetic neuropathy|Diabetic autonomic neuropathy]], [[Guillain-Barré syndrome]], [[stroke]], [[subarachnoid  hemorrhage]]
-|-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dehydration]], [[hypoglycemia]], [[hypokalemia]], ,[[hypothermia]], [[malignant hyperthermia]]
-|-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Peripartum cardiomyopathy]], [[pregnancy]]
-|-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-| '''Oncologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bronchogenic  carcinoma]], [[cardiac tumors]], [[lung cancer]], [[pheochromocytoma]]
-|-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-| '''Ophthalmologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
-|-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alcohol]], [[aminophylline]], [[atropine]], [[beta blockers]], [[caffeine]], [[Carbamazepine#Adverse effects|carbamazepine poisoning]], [[cocaine]], [[digitalis]], [[hypervitaminosis D]], [[lithium]], [[methamphetamines]], [[salicylate poisoning]], [[tricyclic antidepressant overdose]]
-|-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-| '''Psychiatric'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anxiety]], [[bulimia nervosa]], [[panic disorder]]
-|-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-| '''Pulmonary'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Air embolism]], [[bronchogenic  carcinoma]], [[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]], [[emphysema]], [[fat embolism]], [[hypoxia]], [[obstructive sleep apnea]], [[pneumonia]], [[pulmonary embolism]], [[pulmonary  hypertension]], [[tension pneumothorax]]
-|-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Channelopaties]], [[chronic renal failure]], [[hypokalemia]], [[hypomagnesemia]]
-|-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amyloidosis]], [[ankylosing spondylitis]], [[collagen vascular disease]], [[The heart in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis#3. Systemic onset of juvenile idiopathic arthritis|juvenile idiopathic arthritis]], [[Kawasaki disease]], [[psoriatic arthritis]], [[reactive arthritis]], [[rheumatic heart disease]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[scleroderma]], [[spondyloarthritis]]
-|-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-| '''Sexual'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
-|-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-| '''Trauma'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Commotio cordis|Cardiac injury from blunt trauma]]
-|-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-| '''Urologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
-|-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-| '''Miscellaneous'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alcohol withdrawal]], [[breath spray]], [[drowning]], [[fatigue]],  [[pain]], [[psychological stress]]
-|-
-|}
-===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
+====Sinus tachycardia====
+{{col-begin|width=80%}}
+{{col-break|width=33%}}
+*[[Air embolism]]
+*[[Alcohol]]
+*[[Alcohol withdrawal]]
+*[[Alprazolam]]
+*[[Aminophylline]]
+*[[Amphetamines]]
+*[[Amrinone]]
+*[[Anemia]]
+*[[Anxiety]]
+*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]
+*[[Atomoxetine]]
+*[[Atropine]]
+*[[Bulimia nervosa]]
+*[[Caffeine]]
+*[[Carbamazepine#Adverse effects|Carbamazepine poisoning]]
+*[[Commotio cordis|Cardiac injury from blunt trauma]]
+*[[Cardiac tamponade]]
+*[[The heart in Chagas' disease|Chagas heart disease]]
+*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]
+*[[Cocaine]]
+*[[Cyanide]]
+*[[Dehydration]]
+*[[Diabetic neuropathy|Diabetic autonomic neuropathy]]
+*[[Diazoxide]]
+*[[Cyanide poisoning#Treatment of poisoning and antidotes|Dicobalt edetate]]
+*[[Dobutamine]]
+*[[Docetaxel]]
+{{col-break|width=33%}}
+*[[Dopexamine]]
+*[[Doxapram]]
+*[[Doxorubicin]]
+*[[Drowning]]
+*[[Electric shock]]
+*[[Ephedrine]]
+*[[Epirubicin]]
+*[[Fat embolism]]
+*[[Fentanyl]]
+*[[Fever]]
+*[[Fluvoxamine]]
+*[[Guillain-Barré syndrome]]
+*[[Heart failure]]
+*[[Hexamethonium]]
+*[[Hydralazine]]
+*[[Hyperthyroidism]]
+*[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]]
+*[[Hypervitaminosis D]]
+*[[Hypoglycemia]]
+*[[Hypotension]]
+*[[Hypoxia]]
+*[[Ibutilide]]
+*[[Isoprenaline]]
+*[[Kawasaki disease]]
+*[[Malignant hyperthermia]]
+*[[Mercury poisoning]]
+*[[Methylphenidate]]
+{{col-break|width=33%}}
+*[[Methysergide]]
+*[[Minoxidil]]
+*[[Myocardial infarction]]
+*[[Myocarditis]]
+*[[Nelarabine]]
+*[[Nicotine]]
+*[[Pain]]
+*[[Palonosetron]]
+*[[Panic disorder]]
+*[[Paroxetine]]
+*[[Peripartum cardiomyopathy]]
+*[[Phenoxybenzamine]]
+*[[Phentolamine]]
+*[[Pheochromocytoma]]
+*[[Pregnancy]]
+*[[Pulmonary embolism]]
+*[[Ritodrine]]
+*[[Salbutamol]]
+*[[Salicylate poisoning]]
+*[[Salmeterol]]
+*[[Sepsis]]
+*[[Shock]]
+*[[Sibutramine]]
+*[[Tension pneumothorax]]
+*[[Tricyclic antidepressant overdose]]
+*[[Trimethaphan]]
+*[[Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]]
+{{col-end}}
+====Sinoatrial Nodal Reentry Tachycardia====
+*[[Congenital heart disease]]
+*[[Ischemic heart disease]]
+*[[Cardiac surgery|Post cardiac surgery]]
+*[[Valvular heart disease]]
+===SVTs from an Atrial Source===
+====Focal Atrial Tachycardia]]====
+*[[Stroke|Acute stroke]]
+*[[Albuterol]]
+*[[Alcoholism|Alcohol overdose]]
+*[[Caffeine]]
+*[[Cardiomyopathy]]
+*[[Cocaine|Cocaine overdose]]
+*[[Digitalis toxicity]]
+*[[Hyperthyroidism]]
+*[[Hypokalemia]]
+*[[Hypomagnesemia]]
+*[[Hypoxia]]
+*[[Myocardial infarction]]
+*[[Theophylline]]
+====[[Atrial Flutter]]====
+*[[Alcohol]]
+*[[Amoebiasis]]
+*[[Amphetamines]]
+*[[Ankylosing spondylitis]]
+*[[Anxiety]]
+*[[Aortic regurgitation]]
+*[[Aortic stenosis]]
+*[[Atrial myxoma]]
+*[[Binge drinking]]
+*[[Caffeine]]
+*[[Carbon monoxide poisoning]]
+*[[Cardiac surgery]]
+*[[Cardiac transplantation]]
+*[[Cardiomyopathy natural history, complications and prognosis|Cardiomyopathy]]
+*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]
+*[[Cocaine]]
+*[[Congenital heart disease]]
+*[[Congestive heart failure]]
+*[[Coronary artery disease]]
+*[[Crohn's disease]]
+*[[Digitalis toxicity]]
+*[[Dilated cardiomyopathy]]
+*[[Disopyramide]]
+{{col-break|width=33%}}
+*[[Emphysema]]
+*[[Flecainide]]
+*[[Heart bypass surgery]]
+*[[Holiday heart syndrome]]
+*[[Hypertensive heart disease]]
+*[[Hyperthyroidism history and symptoms|Hyperthyroidism]]
+*[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]]
+*[[Hypoxia]]
+*[[Catheter ablation|Incomplete ablation procedures]]
+*[[Ischemic heart disease]]
+*[[The heart in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis#3. Systemic onset of juvenile idiopathic arthritis|Juvenile idiopathic arthritis]]
+*[[Lithium]]
+*[[Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome]]
+*[[Lung cancer]]
+*[[Mitral regurgitation]]
+*[[Mitral valve prolapse]]
+*[[Mitral valve stenosis]]
+*[[ST elevation myocardial infarction complications|Myocardial infarction]]
+*[[Myocardial ischemia]]
+*[[Myotonic dystrophy]]
+*[[Coxsackie A virus#Diseases|Neonatal coxsackie myocarditis]]
+*[[Hydrops fetalis|Nonimmune hydrops fetalis]]
+*[[Obstructive sleep apnea]]
+*[[Open heart surgery]]
+{{col-break|width=33%}}
+*[[Orlistat]]
+*[[Pericarditis]]
+*[[Pheochromocytoma]]
+*[[Pneumonia]]
+*[[Procainamide]]
+*[[Propafenone]]
+*[[Psoriatic arthritis]]
+*[[Pulmonary embolism natural history, complications and prognosis|Pulmonary embolism]]
+*[[Quinidine]]
+*[[Reactive arthritis]]
+*[[Rheumatic fever]]
+*[[Rheumatic heart disease]]
+*[[Sarcoidosis]]
+*[[Sick sinus syndrome]]
+*[[Spondyloarthritis]]
+*[[Stress]]
+*[[Subarachnoid hemorrhage]]
+*[[Temporary cardiac pacing]]
+*[[Thyrotoxicosis]]
+*[[Antiarrhythmic agent#Class Ia agents|Type IA antiarrhythmic agents]]
+*[[Antiarrhythmic agent#Class Ic agents|Type IC antiarrhythmic agents]]
+*[[Antiarrhythmic agent#Class III agents|Type III antiarrhythmic agents]]
+*[[Ulcerative colitis]]
+*[[Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]]
+{{col-end}}
+====[[Atrial Fibrillation]]====
+{{col-begin|width=80%}}
+{{col-break|width=33%}}
+*[[Alcohol]]
+*[[Alcohol withdrawal]]
+*[[atrial infarction|Atrial ischemia]]
+*[[Atrial myxoma]]
+*[[Atrial septal defect]]
+*[[Breath spray]]
+*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]
+*[[Caffeine]]
+*[[Cardiac tumors]]
+*[[Cardiomyopathy]]
+*[[Channelopaties]]
+*[[Chronic kidney disease]]
+*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]
+*[[Cocaine]]
+*[[Collagen vascular disease]]
+*[[Congenital heart disease]]
+*[[Congestive heart failure]]
+*[[Conivaptan]]
+*[[Constrictive pericarditis]]
+*[[Coronary artery bypass graft surgery]]
+*[[Coronary artery disease]]
+*[[Dehydration]]
+{{col-break|width=33%}}
+*[[Diabetes]]
+*[[Dilated cardiomyopathy]]
+*[[Electrolyte disturbance]]
+*[[Endocarditis]]
+*[[Familial atrial fibrillation ]]
+*[[Fatigue]]
+*[[Heart failure]]
+*[[Hemochromatosis]]
+*[[Hypertensive heart disease]]
+*[[Hyperthyroidism]]
+*[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]]
+*[[Hypothermia]]
+*[[Hypothyroidism]]
+*[[Hypoxia]]
+*[[Left ventricular hypertrophy]]
+*[[Lung cancer]]
+*[[Lutembacher syndrome]]
+*[[Methamphetamines]]
+*[[Mitral regurgitation]]
+*[[Mitral stenosis]]
+*[[Myocardial infarction]]
+*[[Myocarditis]]
+{{col-break|width=33%}}
+*[[Obstructive sleep apnea]]
+*[[Pericarditis]]
+*[[Peripartum cardiomyopathy]]
+*[[Pheochromocytoma]]
+*[[Pneumonia]]
+*[[Porfimer sodium]]
+*[[Psychological stress]]
+*[[Pulmonary embolism]]
+*[[Pulmonary hypertension]]
+*[[Renal insufficiency]]
+*[[Rheumatic heart disease]]
+*[[Sarcoidosis]]
+*[[Stroke]]
+*[[Subarachnoid hemorrhage]]
+*[[Surgery]]
+*[[Tricuspid regurgitation]]
+*[[Tricuspid stenosis]]
+*[[Unstable angina]]
+*[[Uremic pericarditis]]
+*[[Valvular heart disease]]
+*[[Viral infections]]
+{{col-end}}
+====[[Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia]]====
+{{col-begin|width=80%}}
+{{col-break|width=33%}}
+*[[Aminophylline]]
+*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]
+*[[Chronic renal failure]]
+*[[Congestive heart failure]]
+*[[Diabetes mellitus]]
+*[[Hypercapnia]]
+*[[Hypokalemia]]
+*[[Hypomagnesemia]]
+*[[Hypoxia]]
+*[[Isoproterenol]]
+*[[Lung cancer]]
+*[[Myocardial infarction]]
+*[[Pneumonia]]
+*[[Postoperative complication]]
+*[[Pulmonary embolism]]
+*[[Sepsis]]
+*[[Valvular heart disease]]
+{{col-end}}
+===SVTs from an Atrioventricular Source===
+====AV Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia====
+*[[Familial atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia]]
+*[[Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome]]
+*[[Mahaim fibers|Mahaim fiber tachycardia]]
+*[[Mitral valve prolapse]]
+*[[Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]]
+====AV Reentrant Tachycardia====
+*[[Ebstein anomaly]]
+*[[Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome]]
+*[[Mahaim fibers|Mahaim fiber tachycardia]]
+*[[Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]]
+====Junctional Tachycardia====
+{{col-begin|width=80%}}
+{{col-break|width=33%}}
+*[[Amiodarone]]
+*[[Amyloidosis]]
+*[[Beta blockers]]
+*[[Carbamazepine#Adverse effects|Carbamazepine poisoning]]
+*[[Cardiac surgery]]
+*[[Chagas disease]]
+*[[Cimetidine]]
+*[[Clonidine]]
+*[[Digitalis toxicity]]
+*[[Diltiazem]]
+*[[Diphtheria]]
+*[[Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy]]
+*[[Flumazenil]]
+*[[Grayanotoxin]]
+*[[Guanethidine]]
+*[[Hemochromatosis]]
+*[[Hypokalemia]]
+*[[Hypothermia]]
+{{col-break|width=33%}}
+*[[Hypothyroidism]]
+*[[Hypoxia]]
+*[[Isoproterenol|Isoproterenol infusion]]
+*[[Leptospirosis]]
+*[[Lithium|Lithium toxicity]]
+*[[Long QT Syndrome classification#LQT4|LQT type 4]]
+*[[Lyme disease]]
+*[[Methyldopa]]
+*[[Muscular dystrophy]]
+*[[Myocardial infarction]]
+*[[Pericarditis]]
+*[[Reserpine]]
+*[[Rheumatic fever]]
+*[[Salmonella|Salmonella typhosa]]
+*[[Scleroderma]]
+*[[Trichinosis ]]
+*[[Verapamil]]
+*[[Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]]
+{{col-end}}
+==Combined List of Causes==
 {{col-begin|width=80%}}
 {{col-break|width=33%}}