Sodium-glucose transport proteins

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solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter), member 1
Identifiers
SymbolSLC5A1
Alt. symbolsSGLT1
Entrez6523
HUGO11036
OMIM182380
RefSeqNM_000343
UniProtP13866
Other data
LocusChr. 22 q13.1
solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter), member 2
Identifiers
SymbolSLC5A2
Alt. symbolsSGLT2
Entrez6524
HUGO11037
OMIM182381
RefSeqNM_003041
UniProtP31639
Other data
LocusChr. 16 p11.2

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Overview

Sodium-dependent glucose cotrasporter 1 are a family of glucose transporter found in the intestinal mucosa of the small intestine (SGLT1) and the proximal tubule of the nephron (SGLT2 and SGLT1). They contribute to renal glucose reabsorption.

Types

SGLT1 and SGLT2 are members of the SLC5A gene family.

Gene Location[1] Co-transport ratio and % of glucose reabsorption[2]
SGLT1 Located in the S3 segment of the proximal tubule. Has a 2Na+:1Glucose co-transport ratio and is responsible for 2% of glucose reabsorption
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 Is predominately located in the S1 and S2 segments of the proximal tubule. Has a 1Na+:1Glucose co-transport ratio and is responsible for 98% of glucose reabsorption.

Including SGLT1 and SGLT2, there are total seven members in the human protein family SLC5A, several of which may also be sodium-glucose transporters[3].

Functions

These proteins use the energy from a downhill sodium gradient to transport glucose across the apical membrane against an uphill glucose gradient. Therefore, these co-transporters are an example of secondary active transport. (The GLUT uniporters then transport the glucose across the basolateral membrane, into the peritubular capillaries.)

See also

References

  1. Wright EM, Hirayama BA, Loo DF. (2007) "Active sugar transport in health and disease", J Intern Med, 261:32–43
  2. Wright EM. (2001) "Renal Na+-glucose cotransporters", Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 280:F10–F18
  3. http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/familyview?family=ENSF00000000509

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