Pertussis pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
YazanDaaboul (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
YazanDaaboul (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
||
| Line 4: | Line 4: | ||
== Overview == | == Overview == | ||
Pertussis is primarily a toxin-mediated disease. ''Bordetella pertussis'' attaches to the [[cilia]] of the respiratory [[epithelial cells]], produces | Pertussis is primarily a toxin-mediated disease. ''Bordetella pertussis'' attaches to the [[cilia]] of the respiratory [[epithelial cells]], proliferates and produces virulence factors that paralyze the cilia, and causes [[inflammation]] of the respiratory tract, which interferes with the clearing of pulmonary secretions.<ref name=CDC>[http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/clinical/disease-specifics.html Pertussis (whooping cough). CDC.gov. Accessed on June 15th, 2014]</ref> | ||
==Pathophysiology == | ==Pathophysiology == | ||
* Pertussis is an acute infectious disease caused by the bacterium [[Bordetella pertussis]]. [[Bordetella pertussis]] is a fastidious, gram-negative bacterium requiring special media for isolation. [[Bordetella pertussis]] produces multiple antigenic and biologically active products responsible for the clinical features of pertussis and an immune response to one or more produces immunity following infection. These products include:<ref name=CDC>[http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/clinical/disease-specifics.html Pertussis (whooping cough). CDC.gov. Accessed on June 15th, 2014]</ref> | *''Bordetella pertussis'' has tropism for pulmonary tissue and rarely disseminates to other organs. | ||
*The steps involved in the pathogenesis of pertussis include the following: | |||
:*Inoculation | |||
:*Attachment to the respiratory epithelium | |||
:*Proliferation | |||
:*Production of virulence factors (toxins) | |||
:*Evasion of host immune cells | |||
:*Tissue destruction | |||
* Pertussis is usually an acute infectious disease caused by the bacterium [[Bordetella pertussis]]. [[Bordetella pertussis]] is a fastidious, gram-negative bacterium requiring special media for isolation. [[Bordetella pertussis]] produces multiple antigenic and biologically active products responsible for the clinical features of pertussis and an immune response to one or more produces immunity following infection. These products include:<ref name=CDC>[http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/clinical/disease-specifics.html Pertussis (whooping cough). CDC.gov. Accessed on June 15th, 2014]</ref> | |||
** Pertussis [[toxin]] | ** Pertussis [[toxin]] | ||
** Filamentous [[hemagglutinin]] (FHA) | ** Filamentous [[hemagglutinin]] (FHA) | ||
Revision as of 15:31, 14 January 2016
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S. [2]
|
Pertussis Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Pertussis pathophysiology On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Pertussis pathophysiology |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Pertussis pathophysiology |
Overview
Pertussis is primarily a toxin-mediated disease. Bordetella pertussis attaches to the cilia of the respiratory epithelial cells, proliferates and produces virulence factors that paralyze the cilia, and causes inflammation of the respiratory tract, which interferes with the clearing of pulmonary secretions.[1]
Pathophysiology
- Bordetella pertussis has tropism for pulmonary tissue and rarely disseminates to other organs.
- The steps involved in the pathogenesis of pertussis include the following:
- Inoculation
- Attachment to the respiratory epithelium
- Proliferation
- Production of virulence factors (toxins)
- Evasion of host immune cells
- Tissue destruction
- Pertussis is usually an acute infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. Bordetella pertussis is a fastidious, gram-negative bacterium requiring special media for isolation. Bordetella pertussis produces multiple antigenic and biologically active products responsible for the clinical features of pertussis and an immune response to one or more produces immunity following infection. These products include:[1]
- Pertussis toxin
- Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA)
- Agglutinogens
- Adenylate cyclase
- Pertactin
- Tracheal cytotoxin
- Humans are the only reservoir for Bordatella pertussis, and the incubation period varies from 1 to 3 weeks, and is usually about 10 days. Although asymptomatic carriers have been reported, they have a low probability of transmitting the disease as they are not actively coughing. Pertussis is highly contagious, and highest rates of transmission occurs with exposure to the infected individual at 5 feet or less.
- Infection occurs through direct contact with the aerosolized mucus of infected persons, usually during coughing and sneezing. The bacterium adheres to the ciliated epithelium of the nasopharynx and proliferates in the lower respiratory system. In addition, the bacterium produces toxins that paralyze the cilia, and cause inflammation of the respiratory tract, which interferes with the clearing of pulmonary secretions.
- In a small number of cases, the bacteria may move further to the pulmonary alveoli, causing Bordatella pneumonia. The bacteria does not however cross the respiratory epithelium to the bloodstream, and therefore sepsis is not seen.